Heterologous expression of the A. brasilense CheW protein in E. coli. (A) Swarm plate assay. Conditions were LB medium, 100 μM IPTG, 22°C, and 12 h of incubation. Strains, clockwise from top left, are RP437/pTrc99a, RP437/pIZ101, RP4606/pIZ101, and RP4606/pTrc99a. (B) Inhibition of chemotaxis of wild-type cells by A. brasilense CheW. Relative sizes of swarms are shown. Conditions were LB medium, 500 μM IPTG, 30°C, and 12 h of incubation. (C) Temporal gradient assay. Cells were induced with 100 μM IPTG. Times for adaptation to 10 mM leucine are shown.