Duration of protection induced by CpG-ODN. Chickens were treated with 10 μg of CpG-ODN(2007) by the subcutaneous route on day 10 (□), 13 (*), 16 (⧫), 19 (▾), or 22 (▴) and challenged with E. coli on day 25 (n = 24). Birds were significantly protected (P < 0.01) by administration of CpG-ODN(2007) 3 days prior to challenge with E. coli, and the protection decreased with increasing interval between treatment and challenge. ▪, control.