Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted outcomes: Patients with surgery in <24 hours compared to those with later surgery *
| Unadjusted Outcomes (Standard Deviation) | Adjusted Outcomes † | Restricted Cohort | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgery ≤24 hours | Surgery >24 hours | P | Surgery ≤24 hours | Surgery >24 hours | Difference or OR (95% CI) | P | Surgery ≤24 hours | Surgery >24 hours | Difference or OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Mean pain score (range 0–5) hospital day 1–5 ‡ | 2.47 (1.03) | 2.96 (0.96) | <0.001 | 2.63 | 2.87 | −0.24 (−0.44, −0.06) | 0.010 | 2.52 | 2.90 | −0.38 (−0.61, −0.16) | .001 |
| Days of severe pain hospital day 1–5 | 0.53 (0.76) | 0.92 (1.01) | <0.001 | 0.64 | 0.86 | −0.22 (−0.41, −0.03) | 0.025 | 0.50 | 0.80 | −0.30 (−0.50, −0.08) | 0.007 |
| Major post-operative complication (%) | 5.4% | 10.3% | 0.064 | 3.96% | 7.97% | OR = 0.50 (0 22,1.13) | 0.096 | 1.8% | 7.5% | OR = 0.24 (0.06,0.96) | 0.041 |
| Mean length of stay in days | 7.07 (4.92) | 9.43 (8.18) | <0.001 | 7.35 | 9.29 | −1.94 (−2.82, −1.06) | <0.001 | 6.94 | 7.85 | −0.91 (−1.81, −0.01) | 0.047 |
| FIM locomotion (range 2–14) at 6 months § | 9.22 (3.71) | 8.95 (3.74) | 0.306 | 8.81 | 8.85 | −0.04 (−0.49,0.39) | 0.843 | 9.94 | 9.97 | −0.03 (−0.60,0.54) | 0.911 |
| FIM self care (range 6–42) at 6 months § | 32.0 (10.53) | 31.8 (10.08) | 0.814 | 30.3 | 31.4 | −1.1 (−2.18, −0.04) | 0.041 | 34.8 | 35.4 | −0.60 (−1.98,0.65) | 0.325 |
| FIM transferring (range 3–21) at 6 months § | 14.2 (5.32) | 14.1 (5.14) | 0.763 | 13.6 | 13.9 | −0.3 (−0.92,0.25) | 0.259 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 0 (−0.64,0.77) | 0.852 |
| Combined outcome -- dead or needing total assistance in locomotion at 6 months (%) | 22.4% | 27.3% | 0.090 | 23.0% | 27.3% | OR = 0.84 (0.59,1.21) | 0.360 | 8.0% | 13.7% | OR = 0.58 (0.31,1.09) | 0.092 |
N varies because of data availability (pain and complications only in patients enrolled in first 12 months), ability to self report in the case of pain, and patients lost to follow up or missing data at 6 months. N=487, 487, 554, 1178, 890, 914, 922, and 1037 respectively for the unadjusted and adjusted results. N=261, 261 273 566, 465, 470, 476, and 509 respectively for the restricted cohort.
Adjusted for age, gender, nursing home residence, needing a proxy for consent, delirium on admission, pre-fracture FIM locomotion score, fracture type, history of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular accident, dementia, cardiac disease, hypertension, hospitalization within 6 months, hospital site, day and time of admission, and abnormal clinical (physical exam and laboratory) findings
Range of pain variable 0 (none) – 5 (very severe pain)
Model includes survivors only