Contrast in seasonal dynamics of allochthonous prey contribution to
forest birds and stream fishes. (A) Proportion by
frequency of aquatic prey foraging to the total observations in each
forest bird species. The contribution of aquatic prey differed
significantly both among months and species in both year-round and
summer-resident birds (P < 0.01 for all by
Friedman test). GT, great tit; MT, marsh tit; NH, nuthatch; PWP, pigmy
woodpecker; BRF, brown flycatcher; NF, narcissus flycatcher; PWW,
pale-legged willow warbler; CW, crowned willow warbler; BB, black-faced
bunting; WR, wren. Black and white horizontal bars at the bottom of the
figure indicate observation periods for winter and summer birds,
respectively. (B) Proportion by dry mass of terrestrial
prey to the total diets in stream fish species. The proportion differed
significantly among both seasons and species (P <
0.0001 for both by Friedman test). RBT, rainbow trout; WSC,
white-spotted char; DV, Dolly Varden; MS, masu salmon; SC, freshwater
sculpin. Black and white portions of horizontal bars at bottom of
figure indicate leafing and defoliation periods.