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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2006 May 4.
Published in final edited form as: Altern Ther Health Med. 2006;12(1):40–47.

TABLE 3.

Baseline and 6-month Outcomes Data on All Subjects for Whom Both Data Points Were Available

Yoga Exercise Wait list
Outcome Measures Baseline 6-month Baseline 6-month Baseline 6-month Pvalue
Attention and alertness
Stroop Interference (sec) primary 11.1 ± 7.3 10.0 ± 4.6 11.4 ± 5.3 10.8 ± 4.3 12.6 ± 6.4 11.0 ± 3.7 .72
EEC Auditory MPF (Hz) primary 9.9 ± 1.1 9.7 ± 1.1 9.5 ± 1.1 9.5 ± 0.9 10.1 ± 0.9 10.0 ± 1.0 .46
Word list delayed recall 7.3 ± 1.8 7.2 ± 1.9 6.5 ± 2.0 7.0 ± 2.0 6.6 ± 1.8 7.1 ± 1.6 .38
Letter-number sequencing 10.0 ± 2.2 10.5 ± 2.6 10.2 ± 3.0 10.7 ± 2.8 10.1 ± 2.7 10.8 ± 4.0 .94
Covert orienting (invalid-valid) 21.4 ± 29.3 40.3 ± 36.8 25.4 ± 33.3 37.1 ± 34.1 25.9 ± 29.4 36.6 ± 30.0 .76
Divided attention threshold (msec) 102.0 ± 64.4 89.8 ± 43.2 122.0 ± 69.6 111.8 ± 67.6 106.2 ± 55.8 92.3 ± 47.6 .48
% errors above threshold 5.5% ± 3.8% 4.9% ± 3.6% 6.0% ± 3.6% 5.0% ± 2.9% 7.3% ± 3.3% 6.2% ± 3.4% .45
Set shifting: highest shift 8.9 ± 2.0 9.5 ± 1.3 9.1 ± 1.8 9.9 ± 0.4 9.2 ± 1.9 9.2 ± 1.8 .14
Simple reaction time (msec) 316.6 ± 65.0 335.6 ± 74.0 302 ± 89.4 321.9 ± 79.7 296 ± 75.1 311.4 ± 78.5 .76
Choice reaction time (msec) 494.8 ± 57.1 491.9 ± 49.1 493.4 ± 74.2 487.2 ± 63.9 483.3 ± 50.6 469.0 ± 48.2 .52
Stanford sleepiness scale 1.6 ± 0.8 2.0 ± 0.9 1.8 ± 1.0 2.1 ± 0.9 1.6 ± 0.7 1.9 ± 0.9 .75
Mood, quality of life
SF-36 Physical Function 84.3 ± 13.8 84.9 ± 14.6 82.6 ± 12.4 82.2 ± 15.3 88.2 ± 9.6 86.7 ± 9.6 .62
 Role—physical*** 80.3 ± 29.7 94.1 ± 15.8 77.0 ± 32.6 65.1 ± 41.3 78.7 ± 31.4 74.4 ± 35.1 .001
 Bodily pain** 75.8 ± 19.6 79.5 ± 17.7 73.7 ± 19.3 68.4 ± 24.3 70.5 ± 21.3 65.9 ± 20.3 .006
 General health 81.5 ± 17.0 82.8 ± 13.8 80.4 ± 13.9 80.8 ± 16.1 80.0 ± 13.4 81.3 ± 15.3 .54
 Social functioning* 93.8 ± 14.7 95.1 ± 12.2 90.1 ± 14.6 82.9 ± 21.4 91.9 ± 13.4 90.9 ± 16.5 .015
 Role—emotional 84.2 ± 28.7 92.1 ± 23.8 79.8 ± 29.6 83.3 ± 32.7 81.7 ± 30.1 85.8 ± 27.1 .25
 Mental health 83.7 ± 13.7 88.3 ± 9.8 84.6 ± 11.1 84.1 ± 16.9 84.7 ± 11.5 87.2 ± 8.8 .88
 Vitality** 71.1 ± 17.4 75.4 ± 17.3 67.4 ± 14.5 62.2 ± 20.0 75.3 ± 12.9 74.9 ± 12.4 .006
 Physical composite** 49.9 ± 6.8 51.1 ± 6.3 48.9 ± 7.3 46.8 ± 9.7 50.0 ± 6.1 47.9 ± 6.3 .005
 Mental composite 55.1 ± 6.5 57.3 ± 5.6 54.3 ± 7.3 53.9 ± 9.8 55.0 ± 6.9 56.7 ± 6.0 .61
CESD-10 5.1 ± 3.8 4.0 ± 2.8 4.8 ± 3.9 6.3 ± 6.0 4.6 ± 3.4 4.0 ± 3.0 .91
POMS Depression-dejection 5.0 ± 6.1 3.1 ± 4.1 3.7 ± 4.7 4.4 ± 7.5 4.4 ± 5.2 3.4 ± 3.1 .68
 Vigor—activity 21.0 ± 5.7 15.5 ± 10.3 19.9 ± 3.8 12.5 ± 9.5 21.9 ± 6.0 14.5 ± 9.7 .55
 Fatigue—inertia 4.2 ± 4.2 1.5 ± 2.0 4.3 ± 3.5 3.2 ± 4.5 3.4 ± 3.8 2.6 ± 3.3 .30
MFI general fatigue 8.1 ± 3.3 7.8 ± 3.6 8.8 ± 3.7 9.7 ± 3.7 7.7 ± 3.1 7.9 ± 3.1 .18
 Physical fatigue 7.8 ± 3.2 7.5 ± 3.2 7.7 ± 2.9 8.6 ± 3.6 6.9 ± 2.7 7.4 ± 3.0 .35
 Reduced activity* 8.0 ± 3.5 7.0 ± 3.0 8.1 ± 3.6 8.9 ± 3.3 7.2 ± 3.5 7.6 ± 3.7 .015
 Reduced motivation 6.7 ± 2.8 6.5 ± 2.7 7.0 ± 2.6 7.4 ± 3.4 6.2 ± 2.5 6.5 ± 2.6 .69
 Mental fatigue 7.7 ± 3.5 7.7 ± 3.1 7.7 ± 3.5 8.6 ± 3.8 7.1 ± 3.0 7.0 ± 2.5 .24
Physical measures
One-leg stand (sec)* 29.6 ± 41.5 39.2 ± 52.3 11.1 ± 11.9 12.8 ± 14.4 21 .4 ± 30.1 24.2 ± 21.5 .049
Chair sit and reach (cm)* 1.2 ± 15.5 6.4 ± 12.7 0.1 ± 12.3 −0.1 ± 14.6 −0.3 ± 13.3 −3.3 ± 14.7 .016
Sit and stand (sec) 10.4 ± 2.9 9.2 ± 2.5 9.9 ± 2.2 10.0 ± 2.6 9.4 ± 2.5 9.1 ± 2.1 .50
¼-mile walk (sec) 154.7 ± 132.5 140.7 ± 127.8 179.5 ± 134.2 188.1 ± 138.0 151.9 ± 127.0 143.1 ± 125.5 .26

First two measures (ital) were primary outcome measures. EEG=electroencephalogram; MPF=median power frequency, CESD= Center for Epidemiotogic Studies of Depression, POMS=Profile of Mood States, MFI=Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory

*

P<.05,

**

P<.01,

***

P<.001