Table 4.

Demands and control at work, by practice area. Practice areas outside hospital. Results of Mann-Whitney rank sum tests.

Work factors	Nursing home	Home or apartment unit for the aged	Community nurse unit	Institution for mentally handicapped
Quantitative work demands	3401 (3106) **	2989 (3257) *	3742 (3137) **	2377 (3329) **
Positioning patients in bed	3962 (2436) **	3102 (2097)	2977 (3120)	1726 (3248) **
Supporting patients between bed and chair	3837 (2488) **	3362 (3041) **	3027 (3080)	1969 (3194) **
Handling heavy objects	3320 (2790) **	3083 (3009)	3010 (3018)	2577 (3066) **
Positive challenges	2912 (3461) **	2934 (3261) **	3640 (3153) **	2971 (3258) **
Role conflicts	3373 (3109) **	3441 (3197) *	3619 (3148) **	3204 (3223)
Exposure to threats or violence	3362 (3131) **	3079 (3245)	2932 (3283) **	3720 (3172) **
Control of work pace	3017 (3387) **	3326 (3219)	3353 (3208)	3914 (3151) **
Participation in important decisions	3087 (3322) **	3127 (3232)	3480 (3175) **	3283 (3215)

The figures are mean ranks of participants working in the noted practice area, and, in paranthesis, mean ranks of the participants not working in this area. For example, the figures in the upper left corner, 3401 (3106), show that the level of quantitative work demands was higher in nursing homes (mean rank = 3401) than in other practice areas all together (mean rank = 3106). * P < 0.01; ** P < 0.001.