Fig. 4.

A slight preexisting niche, simulated by a tiny dip in the background mortality rate around the value 0.5 on the niche axis [Top; the function used to generate this particular example is f(L) = m_A − a(1/2 + 1/2cos((L + 0.5)2π))²⁰, m_A = 0.005 d⁻¹; a = 0.005 d⁻¹], is enough to function as a “condensation point” that anchors the self-organized pattern of species lumps to a fixed position (Middle, after 5,000 time steps; Bottom, after 20,000 time steps).