Fig. 4.

C-t-PAK2 expression induces mitochondrial-independent cell death. COS-7 cells were mock-transfected or transfected with either vector expressing Gly-213-C-t-PAK2-myc or vector alone. At 16 h after transfection, cells were treated with 1 μM STS for 4 h or 5 μM para-trifluoromethoxy carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone for 15 min or left untreated. Cells were then incubated in the presence of the potentiometric dye MitoTracker red CM-H₂XRos for 30 min. After incubation, cells were processed for confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to detect C-t-PAK2-myc (green), cytochrome c (light blue), nuclei (blue), and mitochondrial membrane potential (red). The merged images are presented in the far-right column. (Scale bars, 10 μm.)