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. 2006 Apr 24;103(18):7106–7111. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0600869103

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© 2006 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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Fig. 2. — Assessment of the requirement for Fos protein in the acquisition and retention of CTA. (A) Mean volume of intake of the CS for 20 min in rats with infusion of c-fos AS-, R-, or INVT-ODN into the bilateral PBN on the conditioning day (CD) and during the subsequent 4 test days (from T1 to T4). Bilateral infusion of c-fos AS-ODN prevented the learned reduction of the CS intake during tests (ODN: F_2,17 = 10.62, P < 0.001; two-way interaction of ODN and trial, F_8,68 = 5.13, P < 0.0001). Intakes of the CS in rats infused with c-fos AS-ODN on test 1 (T1) were not significantly lower than those on CD (P = 0.89), whereas CS intakes on T1 in either control group were significantly reduced compared with those on CD (P < 0.001). Total intakes of the CS during tests in the c-fos AS-ODN group were significantly larger than those in either control group (Tukey’s test, P < 0.01). The downward arrow indicates intracranial microinfusion. (B and C) Quantification of the effects of infusion of ODNs into the PBN, AMY, or IC on acquisition and retention using the acquisition and retention indices. Overall three-way interaction (site × ODN × index) was not significant (F_4,92 = 1.06, P = 0.38), but two-way interactions of ODN × index (F_2,92 = 8.26, P < 0.001) and site × index (F_2,92 = 3.62, P < 0.05) were significant. ANOVA and post hoc analysis revealed that significant deficits in retention (indicated by lower retention indices, C) with infusions of c-fos AS-ODN into the PBN, AMY, or IC, and significant impairment of acquisition (B) by infusion of c-fos AS-ODN into the PBN, but not into the AMY or IC, were observed. ∗, P < 0.05; ∗∗, P < 0.01 in comparison with the R-ODN group. #, P < 0.05, ##, P < 0.01 in comparison with the control INVT-ODN group. (D) Combined infusion of c-fos AS-ODN into both the AMY and IC. Significant deficits (ODN: F_1,16 = 26.35, P < 0.001) in the formation of CTA were observed in the AS-ODN group, as indicated by both lower acquisition and retention indices, but not in the R-ODN group. ∗, P < 0.05, ∗∗, P < 0.01 vs. the R-ODN group, post hoc analysis between groups. All values are means + SEM. The numbers of animals used are shown in parentheses.