Figure 2.

Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine suppresses the level of estrogen-induced ROS in endothelial cells. DCF intensity was measured in endothelial cells co-treated with antioxidants to verify E2-induced oxidant production. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells pretreated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) showed a significant reduction of E2-induced oxidants to the level of control. Data from three independent experiments are presented as ROS production with controls set at 100% (± SD). Values that are significantly different from E2 treatment alone (P < 0.05) are indicated with an asterisk (*).