Table 2.

Clearly Harmful or Ineffective Practices (Category B)

		Frequency of Observed Practice
		Labor		Delivery
Clearly Harmful or Ineffective Practices	Study Practices Observed (Where Different)	No.	(%)	No.	(%)
1. Routine use of enema		6/186	(3)
2. Routine use of pubic shaving		1/186	(1)
3. Routine intravenous infusion in labor		179/181	(99)
4. Routine prophylactic insertion of intravenous cannula		173/181	(96)
5. Routine use of supine position during labor				177/177	(100)
6. Rectal examination				66/119	(56)
7. Use of x-ray pelvimetry		0/181	(0)
8. Administration of oxytocics at any time before delivery in such a way that their effect cannot be controlled	Oxytocin augmentation	165/181	(91)
	Oxytocin infusion neither labeled nor checked	96/137	(70)
	Oxytocin ordered inappropriately	154/165	(93)
9. Routine use of lithotomy position with or without stirrups during labor				177/177	(100)
10. Use of oral tablets of ergometrine in the third stage to prevent or control hemorrhage				0/176	(0)
11. Routine parenteral ergometrine in the third stage				24/176	(14)
12. Routine lavage of uterus after delivery				0/176	(0)
13. Routine revision (manual exploration) of uterus after delivery	Done routinely			20/175	(11)