FIGURE 5.

Stepping records for torque estimation. (a) Wild-type; (b) γ-Δ14; (c) γ-Δ17; and (d) γ-Δ21. (1) At 2 mM ATP; (2) 200 nM ATP; and (3) 20 nM ATP. Thin lines with dots show 21 consecutive steps selected from a rotation time course, thick cyan line being the average. Individual step records have been shifted vertically by a multiple of 120° to obtain the overlap. Angle zero was chosen such that most of the pauses in the time course fall on a multiple of 120°. Time zero for each step record was assigned by eye to the data point closest to 60°. Straight red lines indicate the slope of the average step record judged by eye.