Table 3.

In vivo studies of arsenic exposure and glucose metabolism.

Source	Experimental Animal	n	Compound (route)	Daily dose (ppm)	Duration	Outcomes and results (compared with controls)
Judd 1979	Field mice	19	Methanearsonate (po in water)	1,000	30 days	↓ Blood glucose, = fluid and food consumption
Ghafghazi et al. 1980	Rats	12	Arsenite (ip)	5–10	7 days	↑ Glucose levels after glucose tolerance test, dose dependent
Hughes and Thompson 1996	B6C3F1 mice	72	Arsenate (po in water)	0.025–2.5	28 days	↓ Plasma glucose, = fluid and food consumption
Aguilar et al. 1997	Wistar rats	20	Arsenate (po in food)	5	10 weeks	= Plasma glucose levels
Cobo and Castineira 1997	Wistar rats	21	Arsenite (po in water)	17.75	1st week	Delayed glucose clearance after glucose tolerance test
				up to 100	8th week	= Basal insulin levels in vivo
Biswas et al. 2000	Bengal goats	12	Arsenite (po in capsule)	25	12 weeks	↑ Blood glucose at week 6 and ↑↑ at week 12
Arnold et al. 2003	Fischer rats	480	Monomethylarsenic (po in food)	50–1,300	2 years	= Blood glucose levels up to 400 ppm, ↓with 1,300 ppm
Pal and Chatterjee 2004a	Wistar rats	18	Arsenite (ip)	5.55	21 days	↓ Blood glucose (reversed with methionine) = Body, liver, kidney weight
Pal and Chatterjee 2004b	Wistar rats	18	Arsenite (ip)	5.55	30 days	↓ Blood glucose (reversed with N-acetylcysteine)
Pal and Chatterjee 2005	Wistar rats	18	Arsenite (ip)	5.55	30 days	↓ Blood glucose (reversed with methionine)

Abbreviations: ip, intraperitoneal; po, per oral; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease.