TABLE 2.
Bias and standard deviations (over 500 replicates, in parentheses) of maximum-likelihood estimates of neighborhood model parameters obtained from computer-simulated data sets of various combinations of model parameters and two levels of genetic precision (i.e., where the exclusion probability was either 0.80 or 0.99)
| Parameter values
|
Bias (and SD) of parameter estimates
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ms | mp | s | γ | β |  |
 |
ŝ |  |
 |
fa |
| Isozymes EP = 0.80 | ||||||||||
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | −0.1 | −0.05 | — | — | 0.0011 (0.0205) | 0.0001 (0.0105) | −0.0001 (0.0138) | 0 |
| 0.2 | −0.2 | −0.10 | — | — | −0.0012 (0.0240) | −0.0009 (0.0118) | −0.0002 (0.0127) | 0 | ||
| 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | −0.1 | −0.05 | −0.0024 (0.0674) | −0.0087 (0.1082) | −0.0003 (0.0257) | −0.0007 (0.0146) | 0.0027 (0.0387) | 6 |
| 0.2 | −0.2 | −0.10 | −0.0039 (0.0525) | 0.0050 (0.0834) | 0.0026 (0.0308) | −0.0010 (0.0174) | −0.0299 (0.1056)b | 8 | ||
| 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.1 | −0.1 | −0.05 | 0.0058 (0.0809) | −0.0296 (0.1537)b | −0.0013 (0.0377) | −0.0017 (0.0229) | —c | 90 |
| −0.2 | −0.10 | −0.0018 (0.0664) | −0.0081 (0.1199) | −0.0025 (0.0337) | −0.0134 (0.0322)b | —c | 46 | |||
| Microsatellites EP = 0.99 | ||||||||||
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | −0.1 | −0.05 | — | — | −0.0008 (0.0133) | 0.0000 (0.0070) | 0.0005 (0.0065) | 0 |
| 0.2 | −0.2 | −0.10 | — | — | −0.0007 (0.0178) | −0.0004 (0.0085) | −0.0004 (0.0071) | 0 | ||
| 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | −0.1 | −0.05 | −0.0001 (0.0183) | −0.0003 (0.0252) | 0.0002 (0.0150) | −0.0002 (0.0074) | 0.0007 (0.0110) | 0 |
| 0.2 | −0.2 | −0.10 | 0.0003 (0.0183) | −0.0007 (0.0251) | −0.0002 (0.0200) | −0.0007 (0.0093) | −0.0003 (0.0129) | 0 | ||
| 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.1 | −0.1 | −0.05 | 0.0003 (0.0232) | −0.0010 (0.0255) | 0.0007 (0.0190) | −0.0002 (0.0092) | −0.0021 (0.0286) | 2 |
| −0.2 | −0.10 | −0.0005 (0.0231) | −0.0004 (0.0255) | 0.0014 (0.0190) | 0.0008 (0.0120) | −0.0023 (0.0297) | 1 | |||
ms is the proportion of seed immigrants. mp is the proportion of pollen immigrants. s is the proportion of self-fertilization. γ and β are parameters of female and male reproductive success, respectively (see text for details).
Number of times the estimation procedure failed to converge to biologically reasonable estimates of reproductive parameters is shown. Simulations of data sets were continued until 500 gave reasonable estimates.
Bias significant at P < 0.05.
The model could not converge with parameter β included in the model.