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. 2006 May 15;396(Pt 2):201–214. doi: 10.1042/BJ20060195

Table 1. Calcium-dependent interactions of the S100 proteins.

Support refers to the techniques used to study interactions. Abbreviations used: AB, Ab epitope mapping; AC, affinity chromatography; C, competition assays; CC, chemical cross-linking; CD, circular dichroism; CE, co-expression; CI, co-immunoprecipitation; CL, co-localization; CP, co-purification; CS, co-sedimentation; E, native gel electrophoresis; F, fluorescence; FT, fluorescence resonance energy transfer; GO, gel overlay; IF, isoelectric focusing; M, mutagenesis; MS, mass spectrometry; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; O, others; OB, optical biosensor; Ph, phage display; X-Ray, X-ray crystallography; Y2H, yeast two-hybrid. The regions involved in protein interaction are shaded in black or have a heavier line in the schematic of EF-hand motifs in S100 members (N-terminus–HelixI–Site1–HelixII–Linker–HelixIII–Site2–HelixIV–C-terminus). Kd is the dissociation constant for S100–target interaction. Ranges of Kd reflect multiple measurement reports. AHNAK, giant phosphoprotein, identical with desmoyokin; CCN3, cysteine-rich 61/connective tissue growth factor/nephroblastoma overexpressed; EC, excitation–contraction; IQGAP1, IQ motif GTPase-activating protein; MAG, myelin-associated glycoprotein; MRP, myeloid-related protein; MyOD, myogenic determination gene; PLB, phospholamban; S100PBPR, S100P-binding protein.

Protein Target Support Region Kd (nM) Function Reference(s)
S100A1 Aldolase C GO Stimulation of aldolase C activity [60]
Annexin A5 F, CC [73]
Annexin A6 CL, CI, F, CC graphic file with name bic587i004.jpg <1000 Regulation of calcium flux and IF assembly [72,73,116]
CacyBP/SIP1 GO, AC, F, CI Regulation of CacyBP/SIP [79]
Caldesmon E, F, CC 170 Decrease in inhibition of actomyosin by caldesmon [55]
CapZ (TRTK-12) GO, M, CC, F, CS, O graphic file with name bic587i005.jpg 5550 Modulation of actin organization [83,117–119]
Desmin F, O Inhibition of desmin intermediate filament assembly [120]
F-actin CL, CS Regulation of actin filament polymerization [18]
GFAP F, CC, CS graphic file with name bic587i006.jpg 500 Inhibition of GFAP assembly [88,121]
Microtubules/tubulin F, CC, O graphic file with name bic587i007.jpg 6000 Regulation of microtubule dynamics [122,123]
MyOD AC, CC, E, F, CI 2 Inhibition of MyoD phosphorylation and DNA binding [124,125]
NDR O Activation of NDR kinase activity [57]
p53 F, CS graphic file with name bic587i008.jpg Disruption of tubulin–S100A1 complex formation [117]
Phosphoglucomutase GO, AC, O Inhibition of phosphoglucomutase activity [61]
RAGE O Promotion of cell survival [68]
Ryanodine receptor CI, OB, AC, O graphic file with name bic587i009.jpg 214 Regulation of ryanodine and cardiac contractility [70,71]
SERCA2a and PLB AC, CI, CL, CE Regulation of EC-coupling in the heart [126]
Synapsin I CL, C, AC, OB 245 Regulation of catalytic activity of synapsins [127,128]
Titin (PEVK domain) GO, OB, O Inhibition of the actin– or nebulin–PEVK interaction [129,130]
Twitchin kinase OB, O Activation of twitchin kinase [131,132]
S100A2 ΔNp63 O Downstream mediation of ΔNp63 [133]
p53 CL, CI, AC, O Activation of p53 transcriptional activity [53]
Tropomyosin CC, CI, CL, AC, O Modulation of the actin cytoskeleton organization [134]
S100A4 CCN3 Y2H, AC Modulation of S100A4 affinity to calcium and function [50,135]
F-actin CS 34000 [85,136]
MetAP2 AC, CL, CI, Y2H Regulation of MetAP2 [51]
Myosin heavy chain II-A AC, M, CI, FT, GO, CS, CL, C, OB, O graphic file with name bic587i010.jpg 220–600 Regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics [77,77a,80,85,92–96]
Myosin heavy chain II-B CS, O 23100 [85,94,138]
Tropomyosin isoform2 AC, CL Regulation of tropomyosin–actin association [86]
p37 F, AC Increase affinity of S100A4 to calcium [139]
p53 OB, CI, CE, AC, F, O 9–14 Enhancement of p53-dependent apoptosis in tumours [75–77]
Sept2, Sept6 and Sept7 AC [140]
S100A6 Annexin A11 AC, GO, CC, CI, CL, M, O graphic file with name bic587i011.jpg 1610 Regulation of annexin A11 function [141–146]
Annexin A2 AC, GO Very weak [74,89,145]
Annexin A5 GO Very weak [145]
Annexin A6 AC, O [74]
CacyBP F, M, NMR, AC, GO, O 960 [141,147]
CacyBP/SIP AC, CI, O Regulation of CacyBP/SIP ubiquitinylation complex [79]
Caldesmon F [148]
Fetuin (biotinylated) O [149]
GADPH AC, GO, F, CS, O graphic file with name bic587i012.jpg 100 [74,89,150]
Lysozyme GO [151]
Tropomyosin F, O 0.3–1 Regulation of smooth muscle contraction [152]
Sgt1 AC, CC, CI Regulation of protein ubiquitination via Stg1 [59]
S100A8/S100A9 Cytochrome b558 O Activation of cytochrome b558 [153]
Glycosaminoglycans O 6 Localization of MRPs to endothelium [154]
S100A8/S100A9 (tetramer) MS, O Increasing affinity for calcium [155,156]
S100A11 Actin CS 1000 Regulation of actin activated myosin ATPase [157]
Annexin A1 X-Ray, F, M, CL, AC, CI, CS, O graphic file with name bic587i013.jpg 15000 Targeting and membrane cross linking [46,66,158,159]
S100A12 Annexin A5 AC, OB 621 [160]
CacyBP/SIP AC, O Degradation of α/β-catenin [79]
Paramyosin E, O Development of keratitis [161]
RAGE CD, E, O Inflammatory processes [67,162]
S100A12 (hexamer) X-Ray Receptor signaling [163]
S100B AHNAK AC, CI, OB 50 Regulation of calcium homoeostasis [164]
Aldolase C GO Stimulation of aldolase C activity [60]
Annexin A6 CL, CI, F, CC graphic file with name bic587i014.jpg <1000 Regulation of calcium flux and IF assembly [72,73,116]
CacyBP/SIP GO, AC, CI, F Regulation of ubiquitination [55]
Caldesmon E, F, CC 500 Decrease in inhibition of actomyosin by caldesmon [79]
CapZ (TRTK-12) NMR, F, AC, CC, O graphic file with name bic587i015.jpg 150–1000 Regulation of actin filament extension [43,45,65,84,165]
FtsZ CL, AC graphic file with name bic587i016.jpg [64]
GFAP O Assembly of intermediate filaments [63]
Guanylate cyclase O 2000 Activation of guanylate cyclase [166]
Intermediate filaments CC, CL, O Regulation of IF assembly and disassembly [167]
IQGAP1 CL, CI, AC Membrane rearrangement [168]
MAG AC, CC, O 7000 Regulation of glial cell cytoskeleton [169]
Microtubules Cl, O graphic file with name bic587i017.jpg Regulation of microtubule dynamics [62]
NDR NMR, AC, O graphic file with name bic587i018.jpg 500 Modulation of NDR kinase activity [42,57]
Neuromodulin CC Inhibition of neuromodulin phosphorylation by PKC [170]
p53 NMR, AC, F, OB, O graphic file with name bic587i019.jpg 24–23500 Inhibition of p53 function [47,78,110,171–173]
Phosphoglucomutase GO, AC, M, O graphic file with name bic587i020.jpg Stimulation of phosphoglucomutase activity [61,174]
RAGE O Promotion of cell survival [68]
Tau AC, CC graphic file with name bic587i021.jpg 100–1000 Inhibition of tau phosphorylation by protein kinase II [56,175]
S100P CacyBP O [79]
Dormant ezrin AC, CL Regulation of ezrin ability to bind actin [176]
Melittin F, CD, O 5000 [97]
RAGE CI Stimulation of cell proliferation and survival via RAGE [69,177]
S100PBPR AC, CI, O Involvement in early pancreatic cancer [178]
Sgt1 AC [59]