. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2006 May 17.

Published in final edited form as: J Neurotrauma. 2002 May;19(5):503–557. doi: 10.1089/089771502753754037

Table 5.

Surrogate Markers in Traumatic Brain Injury

	Quant	Index of brain damage	Dynamic	Mechanism
ICP	+++	Indirect	√	√/?
TIL	+	Very indirect	?	0/?
SjvO2	++	?	√	0/?
Anatomical imaging	++	+++/0	0	0
MRS	?/++	?/++	?	0
Microdialysis	?	?	√	?
NW/NI	?/++	√	Indirect	0

Desirable features: Quant = degree quantifiable; index of brain damage; dynamic = does the measure change with time or treatment; mechanism = relationship to drug mechanism. Clinical measures: ICP = intracranial pressure; TIL = treatment intensity level; SjV02 = jugular venous oxygen saturation; MRS = magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NW/NI = neural worsening/neural improvement.