Table 4.
Possible determinants for prolonged complaints of trochanteric pain (univariate and multivariate analyses)
| 1-year follow-up | 5-year follow-up | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Univariate OR (P-value) | Multivariate OR (90% CI) | Univariate OR (P-value) | Multivariate OR (90% CI) |
| Age (continuous) | 1.02 (0.30) | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.04) | 1.00 (0.95) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) |
| Sex (male/female) | 1.75 (0.41) | 1.39 (0.41 to 4.77) | 1.23 (0.74) | 0.78 (0.25 to 2.38) |
| Bilateral symptoms (−/+) | 1.03 (0.96) | 2.32 (0.19) | 2.35 (0.66 to 8.35) | |
| BMI | ||||
| Normal (<25) | 0.55 (0.21) | a | ||
| Overweight (25–30) | 2.32 (0.13) | 2.38 (0.81 to 6.98) | a | |
| Obese (>30) | 0.83 (0.77) | a | ||
| Level of education | ||||
| Low (primary school) | 2.98 (0.07) | 1.73 (0.31) | ||
| Normal (secondary school) | 0.32 (0.03) | 0.96 (0.94) | ||
| High (higher education) | 1.33 (0.68) | 0.42 (0.19) | 0.38 (0.11 to 1.33) | |
| Duration of symptomsb | 5.53 (0.003) | 4.88 (1.81 to 13.16) | 4.50 (0.10) | 5.29 (1.05 to 26.57) |
| Analgesics (−/+) | 1.68 (0.27) | 0.63 (0.37) | ||
| Corticosteroid injection (−/+) | 1.24 (0.66) | 0.45 (0.15) | 0.37 (0.13 to 1.00) | |
| Arthrosis lower extremities (−/+) | 4.26 (0.03) | 4.77 (1.23 to 18.50) | a | |
| Lower back symptoms (−/+) | 4.19 (0.18) | 2.70 (0.42 to 17.52) | a | |
a
Data collected at the 5-year follow-up is likely to have changed over time and cannot be used as a determinant.
b
Before visit to the GP (less than 1 week/1 week or more). OR = odds ratio.