Abstract
The effect on plasma potassium of 64 mmol potassium chloride (KCl) in two oral formulations was compared against placebo in five healthy men, and their bioavailability was calculated from urinary data. Mean plasma potassium varied between 4.0-4.6 mmol/l during the placebo phase and mean (s.d.) urinary potassium excretion was 84.4 (18.5) mmol over 36 h. KCl syrup produced a significant change in plasma potassium over 24 h (P less than 0.02) with a marked elevation in the first 3 h after dosing and a mean (s.d.) peak plasma potassium 1.72 (0.52) mmol/l higher than placebo (P less than 0.05). By 36 h an excess of 55.9 (23.9) mmol potassium, equivalent to 87.3% of the stated dose, was excreted in the urine. KCl in wax base had a less consistent effect on plasma potassium (P greater than 0.5) and its effect was no more prolonged. The mean peak increment in plasma potassium was 1.03 (0.42) mmol/l (P less than 0.01) and the total potassium excretion was 50.5 (17.7) mmol higher than placebo values giving a bioavailability of 78.8% calculated from the stated dose.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ben-Ishay D., Engelman K. Bioavailability of potassium from a slow-release tablet. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1973 Mar-Apr;14(2):250–258. doi: 10.1002/cpt1973142250. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Davidson C., McLachlan M. S., Burkinshaw L., Morgan D. B. Effect of long-term diuretic treatment on body-potassium in heart-disease. Lancet. 1976 Nov 13;2(7994):1044–1047. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90965-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gonick H. C., Kleeman C. R., Rubini M. E., Maxwell M. H. Functional impairment in chronic renal disease. 3. Studies of potassium excretion. Am J Med Sci. 1971 May;261(5):281–290. doi: 10.1097/00000441-197105000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jackson P. R., Ramsay L. E., Wakefield V. Relative potency of spironolactone, triamterene and potassium chloride in thiazide-induced hypokalaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982 Aug;14(2):257–263. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01970.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levene D. L. The absorption of potassium chloride--liquid vs. tablet. Can Med Assoc J. 1973 Jun 23;108(12):1480–passim. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moore Ede M. C., Brennan M. F., Ball M. R. Circadian variation of intercompartmental potassium fluxes in man. J Appl Physiol. 1975 Jan;38(1):163–170. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1975.38.1.163. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Poole-Wilson P. A. Hypokalaemia induced by thiazide diuretics in the treatment of hypertension: a cause for concern, not nihilism. Postgrad Med J. 1983;59 (Suppl 3):137–139. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ramsay L. E., Boyle P., Ramsay M. H. Factors influencing serum potassium in treated hypertension. Q J Med. 1977 Oct;46(184):401–410. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ramsay L. E., Hettiarachchi J., Fraser R., Morton J. J. Amiloride, spironolactone, and potassium chloride in thiazide-treated hypertensive patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980 Apr;27(4):533–543. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1980.75. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steiness E., Olesen K. H. Cardiac arrhythmias induced by hypokalaemia and potassium loss during maintenance digoxin therapy. Br Heart J. 1976 Feb;38(2):167–172. doi: 10.1136/hrt.38.2.167. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Toner J. M., Ramsay L. E. Thiazide-induced hypokalaemia; prevalence higher in women. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984 Sep;18(3):449–452. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02488.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilkinson P. R., Issler H., Hesp R., Raftery E. B. Total body and serum potassium during prolonged thiazide therapy for essential hypertension. Lancet. 1975 Apr 5;1(7910):759–762. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92432-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wynn V. Potassium chloride and intestinal ulceration. Lancet. 1965 Dec 11;2(7424):1241–1241. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(65)90671-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]