Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Subjects, Stratified by the Regulatory Status of Their Facility*
| Regulated Facilities N=124 | Unregulated Facilities N=175 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | 84.76±0.51 | 83.17±0.70 | 0.0696 |
| Female gender | 67.3% | 67.6% | 0.9694 |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 20.0% | 15.4% | |
| Married | 18.6% | 16.1% | |
| Widowed | 52.4% | 62.0% | |
| Divorced/separated | 9.0% | 6.5% | 0.3866 |
| Years of schooling | |||
| None | 3.5% | 3.8% | |
| 7 or less | 68.2% | 60.8% | |
| 8 to 12 | 20.9% | 24.2% | |
| 13 or more | 7.4% | 11.2% | 0.6625 |
| Length of residency (in years) | 4.93±0.46 | 3.78±0.54 | 0.1109 |
| Comorbidity Index (a higher score implies greater comorbidity) | 2.38±0.15 (n = 121) | 2.81±0.21 (n = 170) | 0.1051 |
| Cognitive functioning (3MS score from 0 [worst] to 100 [best]) | 37.57±5.09 (n = 115) | 62.36±1.58 (n = 164) | <0.0001 |
| Functional autonomy (SMAF score from 0 [complete autonomy] to 87 [total dependency]) | 49.09±2.32 | 29.62±1.03 | <0.0001 |
| Global quality rating (QUALCARE score from 1 [best possible care] to 5 [worst possible care]) | 1.47±0.09 | 1.61±0.06 | 0.1830 |
*
Values are weighted percentages or weighted means±standard errors.