EXHIBIT 2.
Health Status, Insurance Coverage, And Service-Use Characteristics Of Low-Income, Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries, 2001
|
QMB enrollment (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Full sample (%) | Yes | No |
| Supplemental insurance | |||
| Medicaid | 46.7 | 86.3 | 26.2**** |
| Employer-sponsored | 15.2 | 3.7 | 21.2**** |
| HMO | 23.4 | 13.1 | 28.7**** |
| Medigap | 24.0 | 5.8 | 32.6**** |
| VA or other | 16.4 | 9.6 | 20.0**** |
| FFS Medicare only | 14.3 | 9.2 | 16.9**** |
| Prescription drug coverage | |||
| All | 72.2 | 84.7 | 65.6**** |
| Non-Medicaid | 35.2 | 10.6 | 48.0**** |
| Medicaid | 37.0 | 74.1 | 17.6**** |
| Health status/chronic conditions | |||
| Poor general health | 17.3 | 19.0 | 16.4 |
| Arthritis | 51.9 | 52.8 | 51.5 |
| Asthma/COPD | 15.1 | 21.6 | 11.8**** |
| Cancer | 9.8 | 11.0 | 9.2 |
| Congestive heart failure | 16.2 | 16.7 | 15.9 |
| Diabetes | 25.7 | 25.2 | 26.0 |
| Depression | 25.1 | 28.1 | 23.6 |
| Myocardial infarction | 20.2 | 21.7 | 19.4 |
| Hypertension | 60.2 | 66.4 | 56.9*** |
| ≥3 medical conditions | 35.2 | 40.0 | 32.7** |
| Total number of medications used | |||
| 0–2 | 22.8 | 19.9 | 24.3 |
| 3–4 | 23.7 | 22.5 | 24.3 |
| 5–7 | 25.6 | 24.2 | 26.3 |
| 8 or more | 28.0 | 33.4 | 25.1*** |
| Language barrier | 11.3 | 12.4 | 10.8 |
| Has regular doctor | 88.3 | 86.6 | 89.1 |
| Site of most medical care | |||
| Private office | 65.1 | 61.4 | 67.1 |
| Community clinic | 11.4 | 17.8 | 8.1**** |
| Hospital clinic | 11.4 | 13.2 | 10.5 |
| VA/other facility | 12.1 | 7.7 | 14.3*** |
| ER visit in past 12 months | 62.6 | 57.2 | 65.4** |
| Hospitalization in past 12 months | 27.0 | 29.6 | 25.6 |
SOURCE: 2001 Study of Seniors’ Prescription Coverage, Use, and Spending.
NOTES: Analyses are weighted to adjust for the complex sampling design. QMB is qualified Medicare beneficiary. Significance tests indicate difference between QMBs and non-QMBs. HMO is health maintenance organization. FFS is fee-for-service. VA is Department of Veterans Affairs. COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ER is emergency room.
**
p < .05
***
p < .01
****
p < .001