Figure 3. Plasma adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (B) concentrations.

Results are shown for the placebo (•), caffeine (○), HAdr (▾) and LAdr (▵) trials during both the 30 min pre-clamp period (t = 0–30 min) and during the 120 min isoglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp (t = 30–150 min). The asterisk indicates the first time point at which adrenaline concentrations were higher than baseline within a trial. The adrenaline concentrations were different among all treatments and caffeine resulted in a higher noradrenaline concentration compared with all other treatments (P < 0.05). Values are presented as means ±s.e.m.