(a) Phylogenetic tree of MHC class I genes from vertebrates. (b) Phylogenetic tree of heat shock protein genes (hsp70) from two species of nematodes, Drosophila melanogaster, and yeast. CYT, ER, and MT stand for the genes expressed in cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, respectively. The * sign indicates a highly heat-inducible gene. Modified from Nei et al. (96) and Nikolaidis & Nei (109).