Table 3.
Relationship Between Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Status and Health Care Access and Use
| Characteristic | Crude Prevalence % (95% CI) | Adjusted Prevalence* % (95% CI) |
| Has usual source of care | P < .0001 | P < .0001 |
| HMO | 87.5 (86.7–88.3) | 88.1 (87.4–88.9) |
| Not HMO | 84.7 (83.9–85.5) | 84.4 (83.6–85.2) |
| Physician visit in past year | P = .0005 | P = .001 |
| HMO | 79.4 (78.4–80.4)7 | 9.1 (78.3–79.9) |
| Not HMO | 77.1 (76.3–77.9) | 77.4 (76.8–78.0) |
| Mental health visit in past year | P = .95 | P = .92 |
| HMO | 7.8 (7.3–8.3) | 7.8 (7.3–8.3) |
| Not HMO | 7.8 (7.3–8.3) | 7.8 (7.3–8.3) |
| Mammogram in past year | P = .09 | P = .02 |
| HMO | 64.8 (62.3–67.3) | 65.3 (62.8–67.8) |
| Not HMO | 62.0 (60.1–63.9) | 61.6 (59.7–63.5) |
| Influenza vaccination in past year | P = .24 | P = .01 |
| HMO | 37.3 (33.2–41.4) | 38.5 (35.0–42.0) |
| Not HMO | 35.0 (32.8–37.2) | 34.3 (31.8–36.9) |
| Smoking cessation advice | P = .50 | P = .39 |
| HMO | 47.9 (45.8–50.0) | 48.0 (45.8–50.2) |
| Not HMO | 47.00 (45.0–49.0) | 46.9 (44.8–49.0) |
* Multivariate analyses adjusted for race-ethnicity, age, sex, income, marital status, family size, community size, smoking, mental health summary score (MCS 12) and physical health summary score (PCS 12) of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12, insurance type (private; Medicaid), HMO status, and usual source of care.