Table 4.
Results of Regression Models: Odds Ratios of Practicing in Needy Areas, by Type of Area
| Rural Area OR (95% CI) | Vulnerable Population Area OR (95% CI) | HPSA OR (95% CI) | |
| California | |||
| Clinician type | |||
| Family physician | 2.24 (1.93–2.60) | 1.12 (1.02–1.22) | 1.56 (1.41–1.73) |
| General pediatrician | 1.02 (0.85–1.23) | 1.22 (1.10–1.34) | 1.16 (1.03–1.30) |
| General internist | 0.93 (0.76–1.09) | 1.21 (1.11–1.33) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) |
| Obstetrician-gynecologist | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Nurse practitioner | 3.17 (2.62–3.84) | 1.33 (1.18–1.50) | 1.84 (1.61–2.11) |
| Physician assistant | 4.75 (3.80–5.92) | 2.18 (1.86–2.56) | 2.65 (2.23–3.14) |
| Race, ethnicity | |||
| Asian | 0.60 (0.52–0.70) | 1.26 (1.17–1.36) | 0.80 (0.73–0.88) |
| African American | 0.30 (0.20–0.45) | 2.74 (2.35–3.19) | 1.35 (1.14–1.61) |
| Latino | 0.77 (0.63–0.94) | 1.90 (1.68–2.14) | 1.30 (1.14–1.12) |
| Other | 0.92 (0.69–1.22) | 1.17 (0.98–1.39) | 0.91 (0.74–1.12) |
| White | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 0.71 (0.63–0.79) | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 0.90 (0.84–0.97) |
| Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Age (10 years) | |||
| Years | 2.29 (1.71–3.06) | 1.05 (0.88–1.25) | 1.29 (1.06–1.57) |
| Years2 | 0.92 (0.89–0.95) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) |
| Washington | |||
| Clinician type | |||
| Family physician | 1.85 (1.42–2.42) | 0.71 (0.59–0.86) | 1.66 (1.35–2.03) |
| General pediatrician | 1.06 (0.75–1.49) | 0.66 (0.52–0.84) | 1.10 (0.85–1.41) |
| General internist | 1.03 (0.76–1.39) | 1.15 (0.92–1.42) | 0.92 (0.73–1.15) |
| Obstetrician-gynecologist | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Nurse practitioner | 1.79 (1.25–2.57) | 1.12 (0.86–1.47) | 1.47 (1.11–1.95) |
| Physician assistant | 2.35 (1.70–3.24) | 0.90 (0.70–1.16) | 1.55 (1.20–2.01) |
| Race, ethnicity | |||
| Asian | 0.39 (0.28–0.55) | 1.25 (1.02–1.54) | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) |
| African American | 0.30 (0.12–0.74) | 2.70 (1.57–4.64) | 0.60 (0.35–1.05) |
| Latino | 1.21 (0.80–1.84) | 2.01 (1.39–2.92) | 1.67 (1.16–2.39) |
| Other | 0.61 (0.45–0.83) | 1.93 (1.54–2.40) | 0.61 (0.48–0.77) |
| White | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 0.63 (0.53–0.75) | 0.80 (0.70–0.92) | 0.71 (0.62–0.82) |
| Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Age | |||
| Years | 0.72 (0.44–1.20) | 0.95 (0.63–1.41) | 0.92 (0.61–1.39) |
| Years2 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
HPSA = health professions shortage area, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.