Table 2.
Enabling and Environmental Factors Related to Patient Pneumococcal Vaccination (PPV) Status
| Patient PPV Status | |||||
| PRECEDE-PROCEED Factor | Physician Responses No. (%) | No. | Vaccinated (%) | Unvaccinated* (%) | PValue |
| Enabling factor | |||||
| Office promotes influenza vaccination through patient education efforts | |||||
| Yes | 27 (45) | 419 | 62 | 38 | .035 |
| No | 33 (55) | 506 | |||
| Office promotes influenza vaccination through flu shot clinics | |||||
| Yes | 23 (38) | 369 | 77 | 23 | .011 |
| No | 37 (62) | 556 | |||
| Office promotes influenza vaccination through patient reminders | |||||
| Yes | 9 (16) | 145 | 86 | 14 | .030 |
| No | 49 (84) | 747 | 66 | 34 | |
| Office promotes pneumococcal vaccination through provider reminders | |||||
| Yes | 20 (33) | 311 | 77 | 23 | .031 |
| No | 40 (67) | 614 | 63 | 37 | |
| Office promotes immunization through immunization clinics or other specific program | |||||
| Yes | 27 (45) | 411 | 76 | 24 | .037 |
| No | 33 (55) | 514 | 63 | 37 | |
| Environmental factor - economic† | |||||
| Refer adult without any insurance who is unable to pay to health department | |||||
| Very unlikely | 14 (24) | 220 | 82 | 18 | .050 |
| Somewhat unlikely to very likely | 4 (76) | 690 | 64 | 36 | |
| Refer adult with Medicaid coverage to health department | |||||
| Very unlikely | 27 (46) | 416 | 76 | 24 | .019 |
| Somewhat unlikely to very likely | 32 (54) | 494 | 62 | 38 | |
| Refer adult >65 years with Medicare to health department | |||||
| Very unlikely | 32 (54) | 499 | 73 | 27 | .072 |
| Somewhat unlikely to very likely | 27 (46) | 411 | 62 | 38 | |
| Refer adult with commercial insurance that pays for immunization to health department | |||||
| Very unlikely | 33 (56) | 494 | 76 | 24 | .012 |
| Somewhat unlikely to very likely | 26 (44) | 416 | 60 | 40 | |
| Refer adult with commercial insurance that does not pay for immunization to health department | |||||
| Very unlikely | 17 (29) | 268 | 78 | 22 | .029 |
| Somewhat unlikely to very likely | 42 (71) | 642 | 63 | 37 | |
| Environmental factor -competing demands | |||||
| Satisfaction with managing practice | |||||
| Dissatisfied | 9 (16) | 142 | 74 | 26 | .033 |
| Intermediate | 28 (48) | 423 | 60 | 40 | |
| Satisfied | 21 (36) | 328 | 73 | 27 | |
| Bothered by stress at work | |||||
| Never | 14 (24) | 207 | 54 | 46 | .030 |
| Intermediate | 23 (40) | 363 | 74 | 26 | |
| Always | 21 (36) | 324 | 67 | 33 | |
* Includes those who did not know their PPV status.
† Ratings were made on an 11-point Likert scale from 0 = very unlikely to 10 = very likely and collapsed into the groups: very unlikely = 0; somewhat unlikely to very likely = 1–10.