Table 1.
Health Locus of Control for Different Groups
| Health Locus of Control Mean Scores* (SD) | ||||
| Characteristic | No. | Internal | Chance | Powerful Others |
| All respondents | ||||
| Sex | 447 | 26.75 (5.85) | 18.53 (6.19) | 21.14 (6.94) |
| Male | 135 | 27.7* (5.3) | 18.6 (6.2) | 21.8 (7.1) |
| Female | 288 | 26.3* (6.0) | 18.6 (6.2) | 20.9 (6.9) |
| Age | ||||
| >65 y | 35 | 26.0 (5.9) | 19.4 (6.3) | 22.8* (7.1) |
| <65 y | 292 | 27.1 (5.8) | 18.1 (6.1) | 20.4† (6.8) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 57 | 25.6 (6.3) | 19.3 (5.9) | 24.0‡ (6.5) |
| No | 373 | 27.0 (5.7) | 18.4 (6.3) | 20.8‡ (6.9) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 190 | 26.7 (6.1) | 18.7 (6.2) | 22.7§ (7.0) |
| No | 233 | 26.8 (5.6) | 18.4 (6.2) | 20.0§ (6.7) |
| High cholesterol level | ||||
| Yes | 98 | 26.7 (6.1) | 18.6 (6.0) | 22.0 (7.1) |
| No | 168 | 27.3 (5.5) | 18.1 (6.5) | 21.0 (6.8) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 139 | 26.7 (6.0) | 18.8 (5.8) | 20.7 (6.6) |
| No | 284 | 26.8 (5.8) | 18.4 (6.4) | 21.3 (7.1) |
*Calculated by averaging the sum of individual likert scores for the 6 questions that correspond to each LOC type.
Analyses using Student t tests:
* P = .02.
† P = .0006.
‡ P = .001.
§ P = .0001.