Table 4.
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis of Attitudes Toward Treatment Behaviors and Subjective Social Norms (Internal Factors) and Intent Not to Accept a Physician’s Diagnosis of Depression
|
Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|
| Factors | Unadjusted | Adjusted* |
| Beliefs and attitudes toward treatment | ||
| Biological changes in the brain cause depression | ||
| Strongly agree | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Agree | 1.55 (1.36 - 1.78) § | 1.22 (1.04 - 1.43)‡ |
| Neither | 2.15 (1.87 - 2.47) § | 1.35 (1.15 - 1.59) § |
| Disagree | 3.72 (3.05 - 4.53) § | 1.99 (1.58 - 2.49) § |
| Strongly disagree | 4.54 (3.34 – 6.18) § | 1.89 (1.32 - 2.71)† |
| Medications are effective | ||
| Strongly agree | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Agree | 2.38 (2.01 -2.84)§ | 1.78 (1.46 - 2.17)§ |
| Neither | 5.34 (4.47 - 6.38)§ | 3.69 (3.00 - 4.56)§ |
| Disagree | 8.94 (7.10-11.25)§ | 5.29 (4.06 - 6.92)§ |
| Strongly disagree | 11.22 (8.26-15.23)§ | 6.50 (4.57 - 9.26)§ |
| Treatment preferences | ||
| Medications | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No Preference | 1.54 (1.36 - 1.75) § | 1.26 (1.09 - 1.45) § |
| Counseling | 1.83 (1.65 - 2.04) § | 1.24 (1.09 - 1.41) § |
| Medications are addictive | ||
| Strongly disagree | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Disagree | 0.94 (0.71 - 1.25) | 0.78 (0.55 - 1.09) |
| Neither | 1.38 (1.06 - 1.80) | 0.76 (0.55 - 1.04) |
| Agree | 1.99 (1.52 - 2.60)§ | 0.98 (0.71 - 1.36) |
| Strongly agree | 2.13 (1.59 - 2.85) § | 0.94 (0.66 - 1.33) |
| Subjective social norms | ||
| Embarrassed if my friends knew | ||
| Strongly disagree | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Disagree | 1.10 (0.91 - 1.33) | 1.09 (0.86 - 1.38) |
| Neither | 1.73 (1.43 - 2.09) § | 1.52 (1.20 - 1.93) § |
| Agree | 2.07 (1.73 - 2.48) § | 1.71 (1.36 - 2.17) § |
| Strongly agree | 2.71 (2.25 - 3.27) § | 2.27 (1.76 - 2.93) § |
| Employer should not know | ||
| Strongly disagree | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Disagree | 1.09 (0.83 - 1.46) | 1.17 (0.83 - 1.66) |
| Neither | 1.65 (1.26 - 2.15) § | 1.31 (0.95 - 1.81) |
| Agree | 1.76 (1.36 - 2.26) § | 1.26 (0.92 - 1.74) |
| Strongly agree | 2.03 (1.58 - 2.62) § | 1.16 (0.85 - 1.60) |
| My family would be disappointed | ||
| Strongly disagree | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Disagree | 1.11 (0.96 - 1.28) | 0.94 (0.79 - 1.11) |
| Neither | 1.79 (1.55 - 2.07) § | 1.42 (1.19 - 1.68) § |
| Agree | 1.85 (1.59 - 2.14) § | 1.48 (1.24 - 1.77) § |
| Strongly agree | 2.48 (2.09 - 2.94) § | 1.82 (1.46 - 2.25) § |
| Past treatment behavior | ||
| Past treatment experience | ||
| No prior treatment | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Both treatments unhelpful | 0.66 (0.54 - 0.81) § | 0.72 (0.57 - 0.92) § |
| Medication Helpful | 0.43 (0.37 - 0.51) § | 0.67 (0.56 - 0.81) § |
| Medication not helpful | 0.57 (0.44 - 0.73) § | 0.63 (0.48 - 0.84) ‡ |
| Counseling helpful | 0.53 (0.43 - 0.66) § | 0.58 (0.46 - 0.74) § |
| Counseling not helpful | 0.68 (0.56 - 0.82) § | 0.81 (0.66 - 1.00)† |
| Medication helpful/counseling not helpful | 0.41 (0.32 - 0.53) § | 0.79 (0.60 - 1.04) |
| Counseling helpful/medication not helpful | 0.58 (0.43 - 0.78) § | 0.73 (0.52 - 1.02) |
| Both treatments helpful | 0.37 (0.29 - 0.46) § | 0.67 (0.52 - 0.85) § |
| Family history of depression | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.68 (0.62 - 0.75) § | 0.93 (0.84 - 1.03) |
CI = confidence interval.
* Adjusted for all of the above and sex, age, ethnic group, treatment history, family history of depression, CES-D score, anxiety symptoms, panic symptoms, alcohol abuse symptoms, attitudes and social norms.
† P ≤.05.
‡ P ≤.01.
§ P ≤.001.