TABLE 4—

Adjusted Medicaid Resource Use by American Indians/Alaska Natives Compared With That by Whites in Stratified Models for Each Dominant Source of Ambulatory Care and Adjustment for Eligibility Characteristics and Health Risks

Health Service Resource	Indian Clinic	Non-Indian FQHC	Physicians’ Office	Hospital Outpatient Clinic	Other Organized Clinic	No Dominant Source of Care	No Ambulatory Visit
AIAN use compared with that of Whites, % (95% CI)a
Total costs	57*** (49, 65)	88*** (73, 98)	81*** 7(5, 86)	70*** (60, 81)	76** (64, 92)	83*** (75, 92)	97 (88, 106)
Total ambulatory visits	79*** (70, 90)	89*** (84, 95)	99 (94, 104)	86* (76, 97)	86 (74, 101)	107 (98, 116)	NA
AIAN use compared with that of Whites, OR (95% CI)b
Any prescription	0.61** (0.42, 0.88)	0.82** (0.71, 0.95)	0.81*** (0.71, 0.93)	0.75 (0.55, 1.01)	1.63* (1.05, 2.54)	0.71** (0.56, 0.91)	0.90 (0.77, 1.04)
Any emergency room visit	0.68* (0.48, 0.96)	0.73*** (0.63, 0.84)	0.85* (0.74, 0.98)	0.80 (0.60, 1.06)	0.69 (0.45, 1.06)	0.66*** (0.53, 0.83)	1.08 (0.94, 1.25)
Any hospitalization	0.35*** (0.19, 0.66)	0.95 (0.72, 1.27)	0.91 (0.71, 1.18)	0.61 (0.34, 1.10)	0.37 (0.12, 1.12)	0.49** (0.30, 0.79)	1.02 (0.73, 1.42)

Note. NA = not applicable; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. The user group with no ambulatory visit cannot have visits as a dependent variable.

^aModel variables and distributions as in model series 2 of Table 3 ▶. Poisson distribution was specified.

^bModel variables and distributions as in model series 2 of Table 3 ▶.

* P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.