TABLE 3—
Safety Knowledge | Safety Performance | Safety and Health Outcomes | |||||||||||||
Training Method/Study Design | n | k | Mρ | 95% CI | Vρ | n | k | Mρ | 95% CI | Vρ | n | k | Mρ | 95% CI | Vρ |
Least engaging (overall) | 4097 | 18 | 0.26 | 0.22, 0.29 | 0.01 | 2356 | 20 | 0.28 | 0.24, 0.32 | 0.02 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
Between-subjects studies | 1071 | 7 | 0.27 | 0.20, 0.34 | 0.02 | 1509 | 12 | 0.29 | 0.24, 0.33 | 0.04 | 1950 | 3 | 0.1 | 0.15, 0.06 | 0.01 |
Within-subject studies | 3026 | 11 | 0.25 | 0.21, 0.29 | 0.01 | 847 | 8 | 0.28 | 0.21, 0.35 | 0.00 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
Moderately engaging (overall) | 3021 | 19 | 0.33 | 0.30, 0.37 | 0.03 | 1864 | 31 | 0.28 | 0.23, 0.32 | 0.03 | 4528 | 19 | –0.06 | −0.09, −0.03 | 0.01 |
Between-subjects studies | 1121 | 5 | 0.29 | 0.23, 0.35 | 0.06 | 1044 | 10 | 0.32 | 0.26, 0.37 | 0.05 | 3846 | 7 | –0.02 | –0.05, 0.01 | 0.00 |
Within-subject studies | 1900 | 14 | 0.36 | 0.32, 0.41 | 0.01 | 820 | 21 | 0.22 | 0.15, 0.27 | 0.00 | 682 | 12 | –0.32 | −0.38, −0.23 | 0.04 |
Highly engaging methods (overall) | 886 | 12 | 0.58 | 0.52, 0.64 | 0.03 | 2019 | 16 | 0.34 | 0.30, 0.38 | 0.01 | 3068 | 9 | –0.23 | −0.26, −0.19 | 0.01 |
Between-subjects studies | 609 | 7 | 0.52 | 0.45, 0.60 | 0.02 | 1553 | 10 | 0.33 | 0.29, 0.38 | 0.01 | 1588 | 6 | –0.12 | −0.17, −0.07 | 0.00 |
Within-subject studies | 277 | 5 | 0.71 | 0.59, 0.83 | 0.02 | 105 | 4 | 0.46 | 0.31, 0.61 | 0.03 | 1480 | 3 | –0.34 | −0.38, −0.29 | 0.01 |
Note. n = total number of individuals; k = number of study effects; Mρ = estimated mean correlation corrected for dependent variable unreliability (mean ρ); CI = confidence interval around estimated Mρ; Vρ = estimated variance of effects.