TABLE 1—
Vaccine Coverage Among Children Subject to and Not Subject to Shortage: United States, 2001–2002 National Immunization Survey
| Demographic Subgroups | 4+DTaP by 19 mo, % (95% CI) | 3+DTaP by 7 mo, % (95% CI) | 1+MMR by 19 mo,% (95% CI) | Control: 3+IPV by 19 mo, % (95% CI) |
| All children | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 65.8 (64.8, 66.8)* | 67.2 (65.0, 69.2) | 86.6 (85.3, 87.9) | 81.7 (80.9, 82.5)** |
| Not subject to shortage | 67.6 (66.5, 68.7)* | 66.1 (65.2, 66.9) | 85.7 (85.1, 86.4) | 79.9 (78.9, 80.9)** |
| Vaccination site | ||||
| Children vaccinated only at public clinics | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 59.4 (56.5, 62.3)** | 53.8 (47.4, 60.1) | 82.9 (78.4, 86.6) | 83.6 (81.3, 85.7) |
| Not subject to shortage | 65.4 (62.3, 68.4)** | 50.8 (48.5, 53.1) | 81.8 (79.5, 83.8) | 81.5 (79.0, 83.8) |
| Children vaccinated only at private practices | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 67.7 (66.4, 68.9) | 72.6 (70.0, 75.0) | 87.9 (86.2, 89.4) | 81.1 (80.0, 82.1) |
| Not subject to shortage | 68.8 (67.3, 70.3) | 71.5 (70.4, 72.5) | 87.3 (86.5, 88.1) | 79.6 (78.3, 80.9) |
| Children vaccinated at hospital, military, unknown, or a mixture of several practice types | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 65.2 (63.2, 67.2) | 61.6 (57.0, 66.1) | 85.7 (83.0, 88.0) | 82.0 (80.3, 83.5) |
| Not subject to shortage | 66.4 (64.3, 68.5) | 63.1 (61.5, 64.7) | 84.6 (83.4, 85.8) | 79.7 (77.9, 81.5) |
| Urbanicity | ||||
| MSA, central city | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 63.8 (62.1, 65.5) | 64.2 (60.5, 67.7) | 84.2 (81.5, 86.5) | 80.0 (78.6, 81.4) |
| Not subject to shortage | 65.2 (63.4, 67.1) | 63.3 (61.9, 64.7) | 84.9 (83.8, 86.0) | 78.5 (76.8, 80.1) |
| MSA, non–central city | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 67.8 (66.3, 69.3) | 70.7 (67.6, 73.7) | 88.8 (87.0, 90.5) | 82.1 (80.9, 83.3)* |
| Not subject to shortage | 68.6 (66.9, 70.3) | 69.8 (68.6, 71.1) | 87.2 (86.2, 88.1) | 80.0 (78.5, 81.5)* |
| Non, MSA | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 64.5 (62.3, 66.7)** | 64.0 (59.2, 68.5) | 85.7 (82.8, 88.2) | 83.9 (82.1, 85.6) |
| Not subject to shortage | 69.5 (67.2, 71.7)** | 61.9 (60.2, 63.7) | 83.6 (82.0, 85.1) | 82.4 (80.5, 84.1) |
| Census region | ||||
| Northeast | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 66.8 (64.4, 69.1) | 67.6 (62.4, 72.4) | 89.5 (86.3, 92.0) | 79.8 (77.8, 81.8)* |
| Not subject to shortage | 67.3 (64.7, 69.9) | 70.8 (68.9, 72.7) | 87.6 (86.0, 88.9) | 76.0 (73.4, 78.4)* |
| Midwest | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 67.1 (65.2, 68.9) | 69.6 (65.7, 73.2)* | 87.8 (85.4, 89.9)* | 81.3 (79.8, 82.8) |
| Not subject to shortage | 67.2 (65.2, 69.1) | 64.7 (63.2, 66.3)* | 84.7 (83.5, 85.9)* | 79.6 (77.9, 81.3) |
| South | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 64.9 (63.2, 66.6)* | 65.3 (61.7, 68.8) | 85.5 (83.1, 87.5) | 82.0 (80.6, 83.3) |
| Not subject to shortage | 67.8 (65.9, 69.7)* | 65.1 (63.7, 66.6) | 85.5 (84.3, 86.6) | 81.2 (79.5, 82.7) |
| West | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 65.3 (63.1, 67.5) | 67.5 (62.5, 72.1) | 85.5 (82.1, 88.3) | 82.8 (81.0, 84.5) |
| Not subject to shortage | 67.8 (65.2, 70.3) | 65.3 (63.4, 67.1) | 85.7 (84.2, 87.1) | 81.2 (79.0, 83.2) |
| Poverty a | ||||
| Above poverty | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 68.8 (67.6, 69.9) | 73.4 (71.1, 75.7) | 88.2 (86.6, 89.6) | 82.0 (81.1, 83.0) |
| Not subject to shortage | 70.2 (68.9, 71.5) | 72.3 (71.4, 73.2) | 87.4 (86.7, 88.1) | 80.7 (79.5, 81.8) |
| Near poverty | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 59.3 (54.5, 63.9) | 59.1 (47.9, 69.3) | 83.4 (73.1, 90.3) | 81.1 (76.6, 84.8) |
| Not subject to shortage | 64.0 (59.6, 68.3) | 54.6 (51.0, 58.2) | 82.6 (79.3, 85.4) | 77.6 (73.4, 81.2) |
| Intermediate poverty | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 59.3 (56.0, 62.5) | 55.0 (48.8, 61.0) | 83.3 (78.9, 86.9) | 81.4 (78.7, 83.8) |
| Not subject to shortage | 60.9 (57.1, 64.6) | 55.7 (53.0, 58.4) | 81.6 (79.0, 83.9) | 78.9 (75.5, 81.9) |
| Severe poverty | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 57.6 (53.9, 61.2) | 51.9 (44.2, 59.6) | 82.3 (77.1, 86.5) | 80.0 (77.0, 82.7) |
| Not subject to shortage | 59.1 (54.5, 63.5) | 50.3 (47.1, 53.6) | 82.2 (79.8, 84.3) | 78.7 (75.0, 82.0) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 65.9 (63.6, 68.1) | 61.3 (56.1, 66.3) | 84.8 (81.3, 87.8) | 85.0 (83.3, 86.6) |
| Not subject to shortage | 67.9 (65.2, 70.5) | 63.3 (61.3, 65.2) | 86.5 (84.9, 88.0) | 82.6 (80.4, 84.6) |
| White, non, Hispanic | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 67.8 (66.6, 68.9) | 71.5 (68.9, 73.9) | 88.3 (86.7, 89.7)* | 81.5 (80.5, 82.5)* |
| Not subject to shortage | 69.1 (67.7, 70.4) | 70.2 (69.3, 71.2) | 86.2 (85.4, 87.0)* | 79.7 (78.5, 80.9)* |
| Black, non, Hispanic | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 57.7 (54.8, 60.6) | 60.0 (54.3, 65.5)* | 83.3 (79.5, 86.6) | 77.3 (74.8, 79.7) |
| Not subject to shortage | 60.6 (57.4, 63.7) | 53.6 (51.2, 56.1) | 82.5 (80.6, 84.4) | 76.6 (73.7, 79.2) |
| All others, non, Hispanic | ||||
| Subject to shortage | 67.3 (62.8, 71.5) | 70.9 (63.2, 77.6) | 88.3 (83.0, 92.1) | 80.6 (76.2, 84.4) |
| Not subject to shortage | 69.6 (64.6, 74.2) | 68.3 (64.6, 71.8) | 86.0 (82.6, 88.8) | 79.7 (74.9, 83.8) |
Note. 4+DTaP = 4 or more doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; 3+DTaP = 3 or more doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; 3+IPV = 3 or more doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine; 1+MMR = 1 or more doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; CI = confidence interval; MSA = metropolitan statistical area.
aBased on US Census Bureau thresholds for poverty. Children were categorized into 1 of 4 groups: living above poverty for household income/poverty ratios ≥ 125%, living near poverty for ratios 100%–124%, living in intermediate poverty for ratios 50%–99%, and living in severe poverty if the household income/poverty ratio was < 50%.
*P< .05 for comparison of immunization coverage among those subject to the shortage versus those not subject to the shortage.
**P < .01 for comparison of immunization coverage among those subject to the shortage versus those not subject to the shortage.