Table 2.
Gait characteristics in the Parkinson's disease and control groups during 6-minute walking with and without step-synchronized vibration stimulation
| Locomotion Parameters | Parkinson's Disease Group | Control Group | Manova | ||||
| S-VS OFF | S-VS ON | pG | S-VS OFF | S-VS ON | pG | p | |
| Walking distance (m) | 368 ± 73.4 | 402.7 ± 72.6 | 0.0001 | 453.1 ± 53.2 | 476.1 ± 61.6 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Velocity (m/s) | 1.02 ± 0.2 | 1.11 ± 0.2 | 0.0001 | 1.25 ± 0.2 | 1.32 ± 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 104.9 ± 8.9 | 109.2 ± 10.2 | 0.03 | 110.9 ± 4.9 | 112 ± 5.7 | 0.11 | 0.21 |
| Stride duration (ms) | 1149.6 ± 90.9 | 1107 ± 100.9 | 0.01 | 1112.9 ± 99.0 | 1103.2 ± 105.4 | 0.11 | 0.25 |
| Stride length (m) | 1.17 ± 0.24 | 1.24 ± 0.3 | 0.0002 | 1.4 ± 0.16 | 1.37 ± 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Stride CV (%) | 5.36 ± 3.1 | 4.4 ± 2.7 | 0.002 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 0.006 | 0.02 |
| Stance duration (ms) | 730.8 ± 79.7 | 679.3 ± 90.2 | 0.04 | 653.8 ± 66.19 | 654.95 ± 69.9 | 0.8 | 0.04 |
| Stance CV (%) | 1.99 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 0.1 | 1.29 ± 0.63 | 0.99 ± 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
| Swing duration (ms) | 418.8 ± 54.8 | 427.7 ± 64.6 | 0.75 | 446.6 ± 83.4 | 435.8 ± 85.8 | 0.09 | 0.37 |
| Swing CV (%) | 1.86 ± 1.04 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 0.33 | 0.95 ± 0.4 | 0.88 ± 0.45 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Double support duration (ms) | 156.0 ± 51.1 | 134.6 ± 42.8 | 0.37 | 115.6 ± 25.7 | 112.1 ± 45.7 | 0.26 | 0.08 |
| Double support CV (%) | 2.78 ± 1.6 | 2.77 ± 1.7 | 0.06 | 0.72 ± 0.25 | 0.97 ± 0.87 | 0.43 | 0.05 |
Mean ± SD
SV OFF – walking without step-synchronized vibration stimulation, S-VS ON walking with step synchronized vibration stimulation
p = Manova comparisons between the groups and S-VS conditions, pG = within group comparisons using paired t-test
CV – coefficient of variation