Analysis of FD and FLC expression in the meristem by in situ hybridization and RT–PCR. (A) FD expression in the meristem of Col wild-type, KNAT1∷FLC flc-3, and SUC2∷FLC flc-3 plants after 6 LDs (left column), 8 LDs (middle column), and 10 LDs (right column). FLC transgenic lines are in a Col background. Bar, 100 μM. (B) Analysis of FD mRNA level by RT–PCR in FRI flc-3, KNAT1∷FLC flc-3, FRI FLC plants after 10 LDs. (C) FD expression in the meristem of ft mutants after 6 LDs (left), 8 LDs (middle), and 10 LDs (right). (D) Before vernalization, FRI FLC plants were grown under 14 SDs (top left), then vernalized for 28 d, and immediately after vernalization (top right), FLC expression was analyzed in the meristem by in situ hybridization. FD expression before vernalization (bottom left) and after vernalization (bottom right) of the same plants.