Table 7.

Serum Values at Baseline and Median Percent Change at Follow-up Years 1 and 5

				Median % Change
		Baseline Median		At Year 1		At Year 5
Specimen	No. of Participants	No Antioxidants	Antioxidants	No Antioxidants	Antioxidants	No Antioxidants	Antioxidants
Vitamin C, mg/dL*†	879	1.1	1.0	−9	25	−10	14
Vitamin E–cholesterol ratio‡	900	6.5	6.2	−1	83	5	82
Beta carotene, μg/dL*	900	24	27	4	496	0	355
Zinc, μg/dL*	852	82	84	8	4	8	6
Copper, μg/dL*	850	116	116	−1	−1	0	0
Lutein and zeaxanthin, μg/dL	900	24	25	−4	−16	−17	−26
Vitamin A, μg/dL*	901	64	62	2	3	5	8
β-Cryptoxanthin, μg/dL	899	11	12	0	0	−17	−16
Lycopene, μg/dL	901	20	20	0	−8	−21	−20
α-Carotene, μg/dL	897	6.0	6.0	0	40	−20	0
Triglycerides, mg/dL§	906	133	128	1	8	−3	2
Cholesterol, mg/dL§
Total	906	223	219	−1	2	−3	−2
HDL-C	878	50	51	3	0	3	0
LDL-C||	877	138	139	−9	3	−5	−5
Hematocrit, %¶	3490	42	42	0	0	−2	−2

^*To convert to micromoles per liter in Système International Units multiply by the following conversion factors: vitamin C, 56.78; beta carotene, 0.0186; zinc, 0.153; copper, 0.1574; vitamin A, 0.0349.

^†Value is the total ascorbate level.

^‡Value is the ratio of vitamin E and total cholesterol levels adjust for potential differences in vitamin E.

^§To convert to millimoles per liter in Système International Units multiply by the following conversions factors: triglycerides, 0.01129; total cholesterol, 0.02586; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 0.02586; and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), 0.02586.

^||Value calculated as (total cholesterol - HDL-C)-(triglycerides/5).

^¶Hematocrit was measured at all clinical centers.