Table 7.
Complications of Selected Surgical Procedures
| Surgical Procedure | Complication | Rate, % |
|---|---|---|
| Anterior vaginal repair/plication | De novo IVC | ≤6 |
| Long-term LUTS | ≈0 | |
| Open retropubic procedures | ||
| MMK | Overall | 22.0 |
| Osteitis | 2.5 | |
| Burch colposuspension | Voiding dysfunction | 2–27 (mean, 10.3) |
| De novo IVC | 8–27 (mean, 17) | |
| Prolapse (at 5 y) | 3–27 (mean, 13.6) | |
| Mortality | 0 | |
| Needle suspension | Sexual dysfunction | 3–16 |
| Transfusion | 1–7 | |
| Bladder injury | 1–12 | |
| Pain | 2–12 | |
| De novo IVC | 5–10 | |
| Nerve injury | ? | |
| Retention (primary) | ? | |
| Pubovaginal sling procedures | ||
| Autologous grafts | Voiding dysfunction | 2–20 |
| Long-term CIC | 1.5–7.8 | |
| De novo IVC | 3–23 | |
| Allogenic cadaver grafts | Long-term material failure | >20 |
| Synthetic materials | Vaginal erosion | 0–16 |
| Urethral erosion | 0–5 | |
| De novo IVC | 4–66 | |
| Removal/revision | 1.8–35 | |
| TVT | Retention | 2.3 |
| Minor voiding difficulty | 7.5 | |
| Bladder perforation | 3.8 | |
| UTI | 4.1 | |
| Major vessel injury | 0.1 | |
| Obturator nerve injury | 0.1 | |
| Wound infection | 0.8 | |
| Poor healing of vaginal incision | 0.7 | |
| Injectables | Retention | 1–15 |
| Infection | 0.5–4 | |
| OAB symptoms | 10–50 |
IVC, involuntary bladder contraction; LUTS, lower urinary tract symptoms; MMK, Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure; TVT, tension-free vaginal tape; UTI, upper urinary tract infections; CIC, clean intermittent catheterization; OAB, overactive bladder.