Table 2.
Age- and Gender-adjusted Associations (Odds Ratios) between Prevalence of Lens Opacity and Baseline Risk Factors
| Exposure |
Nuclear |
Cortical |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Factor | A | vs. | B | Moderate(n=5 615) | Mild(n=5 2044) | Moderate(n=5 1068) | Mild(n=5 2601) |
| Age | 71-80 | 60-65 | 12.5 | 3.40 | 6.05 | 2.03 | |
| Gender | Female | Male | 1.85 | 1.43 | 1.22 | 1.02 | |
| Race | Other | White | 2.30 | 2.14 | 2.18 | 0.81 | |
| Education | College graduate | High school or less | 0.61 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.87 | |
| Smoking status | Current | Never | 1.99 | 1.49 | 0.78 | 0.89 | |
| BMI* | Top 20% | Bottom 20% | 1.05 | 1.12 | 1.40 | 0.93 | |
| Weight change† | Top 20% | Bottom 20% | 1.00 | 1.16 | 1.51 | 0.89 | |
| Sunlight exposure* | Top 20% | Bottom 20% | 0.94 | 0.92 | 1.28 | 1.31 | |
| Hypertension | Present | Absent | 0.99 | 1.08 | 1.12 | 0.89 | |
| Angina | Present | Absent | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 1.00 | |
| Diabetes | Present | Absent | 0.72 | 1.05 | 1.28 | 0.95 | |
| Skin cancer | Present | Absent | 0.88 | 0.81 | 0.68 | 0.87 | |
| Arthritis | Present | Absent | 0.92 | 0.95 | 1.05 | 1.00 | |
| Diuretics | Present | Absent | 0.95 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.02 | |
| Aspirin | Present | Absent | 0.92 | 0.92 | 1.17 | 1.08 | |
| Antacids use | Present | Absent | 1.05 | 1.14 | 0.68 | 0.85 | |
| Hydrochlorothiazide use | Present | Absent | 0.98 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.06 | |
| Antiinflammatory drugs | Present | Absent | 0.68 | 0.82 | 1.15 | 1.09 | |
| Thyroid hormones | Present | Absent | 0.70 | 0.89 | 1.45 | 1.52 | |
| β-blocker use | Present | Absent | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.51 | 1.13 | |
| Hormone use♀ | Present | Absent | 0.69 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 1.14 | |
| Iris color | Dark | Light | 1.87 | 1.65 | 3.64 | 2.11 | |
| Refractive error | Myopic | Hyperopic | 1.19 | 0.72 | 0.88 | 0.85 | |
| AMD category | Intermediate drusen | Control | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.18 | |
| Large drusen | Control | 1.35 | 1.09 | 1.38 | 1.33 | ||
| Geographic atrophy | Control | 1.52 | 1.26 | 0.95 | 1.38 | ||
| Neovascular | Control | 1.36 | 1.02 | 1.39 | 1.14 | ||
Associations are prevalence odds ratios comparing each cataract category with its control group, age- and gender-adjusted from Stage 1 polychotomous logistic regression.
Odds ratio >1 implies persons with exposure A show increased risk of disease compared with exposure B.
Odds ratios in boldface are nominally significant (P< 0.2).
Body mass index: top, ≥ 31, bottom,≤ 23.6.
Weight change: top, ≥ 53; bottom, ≤ 10 pounds since age 20.
Sunlight exposure: top, ≥ 1.65; bottom, ≤ 0.22, adult lifetime average annual ocular ultraviolet-B exposure (1.0= ocular exposure from model is equivalent to 1 hour/day outdoors in temperate months in typical U.S. region, not over water, and not wearing hat, glasses or sunglasses31)