Table 3.

Cardiovascular variables at rest and during exercise in the four trials

Trial	Rest	Before drinking	After drinking
HR (beats min−1)
C	60 ± 2	145 ± 5	146 ± 5
LPVHOS	70 ± 5*	159 ± 6*	162 ± 6*
LPVIOS	65 ± 3*†	151 ± 4*†	154 ± 4*†
NPVHOS	63 ± 4†	154 ± 6*†	157 ± 6*†
PP (mmHg)
C	47 ± 3	114 ± 6	113 ± 4
LPVHOS	45 ± 4	110 ± 4	113 ± 5
LPVIOS	44 ± 3	106 ± 6	111 ± 6
NPVHOS	50 ± 1‡	114 ± 6‡	116 ± 5
MAP (mmHg)
C	85 ± 2	95 ± 3	94 ± 3
LPVHOS	84 ± 3	99 ± 4	96 ± 4
LPVIOS	83 ± 2	97 ± 4	98 ± 3
NPVHOS	85 ± 2	102 ± 5	96 ± 4

Heart rate (HR), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) are represented as means ±s.e.m. for 7 subjects. The values were averaged for 10 min of rest (Rest), for 3 min before drinking (Before drinking) and for 3 min after drinking (After drinking) during exercise. The other abbreviations are the same as in Table 1. *, †, ‡, Significant difference from C, L_PVH_OS, and L_PVI_OS, respectively.