Table 1.

Acute and Potentially Treatable Causes of Urinary Incontinence (DIAPPERS)

D	Delirium/confusion
I	Infection
A	Atrophic vaginitis or urethritis
P	Pharmaceutical agents
P	Psychological factors (eg, depression, dementia)
E	Excess urine output (eg, volume-expanded states, retention overflow)
R	Restricted mobility (eg, musculoskeletal disorders, environmental
	impedance)
S	Stool impaction