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Reversal of malignant phenotype by introducing normal tumor suppressor gene p53, Rb (retinoblastoma), p21
Suicide gene therapy
Activation of prodrug in transfected cells herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) plus ganciclovir (GCV) cytosine deaminase plus 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)
Immunomodulatory gene therapy
Induction and enhancement of tumor-specific immune response ex vivo (tumor vaccine) in vivo
Anti-oncogene therapy
Antisense oligonucleotides strategy to downregulate gene expression c-myc, ras