Figure 4.

TNF-α activates NF-κB-dependent gene expression in cells that do not respond to T. cruzi. Mv1Lu, L₆E₉, and H₉c₂ cells were transiently transfected with pBXIIluc and then exposed to RPMI and 1% BSA, Silvio strain trypomastigotes (1 × 10⁷/ml), or recombinant human TNF-α (10 ng/ml). Cells were incubated 24 h, harvested, and assayed for luciferase activity as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS.