TABLE 1.
Penicillin susceptibility and MDR according to biological source
| Perioda | Biological source | PENb | No. (%) of isolates with MDR | Total no. of isolates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994-1998 | Blood | 22 (10.3/3.0) | 9 (5.7) | 165 |
| CSF | 20 (18.6/4.7) | 5 (5.9) | 86 | |
| CSF + blood | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 | |
| Pleural fluid | 4 (11.8/11.8) | 3 (17.6) | 17 | |
| 1999-2001 | Blood | 78 (18.4/3.7) | 23 (6.6) | 354 |
| CSF | 20 (16.2/2.9) | 5 (4.8) | 105 | |
| CSF + blood | 5 (41.7/0.0) | 0 (0) | 12 | |
| Pleural fluid | 6 (21.1/10.5) | 2 (11.1) | 19 | |
| Pleural fluid + blood | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 | |
| 2002-2004 | Blood | 98 (20.9/0.7) | 57 (12.9) | 455 |
| CSF | 16 (18.8/1.3) | 7 (9.0) | 80 | |
| CSF + blood | 1 (0.0/8.3) | 0 (0) | 12 | |
| Pleural fluid | 4 (16.7/0.0) | 1 (4.3) | 24 |
a
For the period 1994 to 1998, 12 laboratories participated, and for the periods 1999 to 2001 and 2002 to 2004, 24 laboratories participated. The period 2002 to 2004 was after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
b
No. of isolates nonsusceptible to penicillin (% of isolates with intermediate/high-level resistance).