TABLE 1.
Comparative studies of TNF-α/IL-1 responses by neonatal and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells or macrophages
| Investigators (reference) | Stimulus | Key findings (relative response levels)a |
|---|---|---|
| Berner et al. (18) | GBS | For TNF-α and IL-1, neonatal ≥ adult PBMC |
| LPS | For TNF-α and IL-1, neonatal ≥ adult PBMC | |
| Levy et al. (90) | GBS | For TNF-α, neonatal ≥ adult PBMC |
| Peat et al. (121) | GBS | For TNF-α, neonatal > adult PBMC |
| Williams et al. (152) | GBS | For TNF-α, neonatal > adult PBMC |
| Chelvarajan et al. (28) | LPS | For TNF-α and IL-1, neonatal < adult macrophages |
| Forster-Waldl et al. (51) | LPS | For TNF-α and IL-1β, neonatal < adult PBMC |
| Levy et al. (92) | Lipopeptides, LPS, imiquimod | For TNF-α, neonatal < adult monocytes for TLR2, -4, and -7 agonists |
| Manimtim et al. (97) | LPS | For TNF-α, neonatal < adult monocytes |
| Peters et al. (122) | LPS | For TNF-α and IL-1, neonatal < adult monocytes |
| Weatherstone and Rich (148) | LPS | For TNF-α, neonatal < adult monocytesb; IL-1 results similar between groups |
| Yan et al. (157) | LPS | For TNF-α, neonatal < adult monocytes |
a
PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
b
Only cells from preterm infants, not term infants, exhibited an impaired response.