Table 2.

Effects of the presence of organisational features to improve the quality of care at hospitals

	Total comparisons		Inpatient		Outpatient
Organisational effect modifiers	n	OR (95%CI)	n	OR (95%CI)	n	OR (95%CI)
leadership
management support	20	1.95 (1.26–3.03)	5	2.77 (0.90–8.51)	11	1.47 (0.83–2.62)
no management support	61	2.20 (1.71–2.84)	24	1.98 (1.21–3.24)	30	2.66 (1.94–3.65)
learning environment
Academic hospital	44	2.15 (1.62–2.86)	9	3.42 (2.25–5.19)	32	1.91 (1.41–2.59)
non academic hospital	37	2.11 (1.49–2.98)	20	1.44 (0.95–2.19)*	9	3.90 (2.87–5.29)*
functional differentiation
>1 medical speciality involved	23	1.57 (1.03–2.38)	13	1.79 (0.90–3.54)	5	1.33 (0.41–4.36)
1 medical speciality involved	58	2.39 (1.87–3.06)	16	2.48 (1.39–4.41)	36	2.43 (1.80–3.27)
more physician types	38	2.06 (1.53–2.79)	15	1.97 (1.15–3.37)	21	2.35 (1.52–3.61)
one physician type	43	2.22 (1.61–3.06)	14	2.62 (1.20–5.76)	20	2.21 (1.46–3.34)
multiprofessional task	14	1.64 (0.94–2.88)	3	1.46 (0.09–24.0)	9	1.86 (0.93–3.71)
no multiprofessional task	67	2.25 (1.78–2.85)	26	2.25 (1.44–3.53)	32	2.41 (1.74–3.34)
local consensus
own guideline	45	1.99 (1.49–2.65)	19	2.11 (1.24–3.60)	23	2.08 (1.41–3.06)
external guideline	36	2.35 (1.68–3.30)	10	2.26 (0.99–5.18)	18	2.57 (1.63–4.06)
own intervention	59	1.78 (1.36–2.32)	16	2.56 (1.56–4.21)	36	1.85 (1.32–2.60)
external intervention	22	4.62 (2.82–7.57)**	13	1.37 (0.60–3.11)	5	12.7 (4.99–32.2)**

n: number of comparisons; OR: Odds ratios (95% confidence interval)

significant differences between presence or absence of possible moderators: * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01