Table 3.
SAQ item descriptives used for benchmarking
| teamwork climate | % item missing data | mean (sd) | % agree (min agree-max agree) | % disagree (min disagree-max disagree) | factor loading (between) | factor loading (within) |
| It is easy for personnel in this ICU to ask questions when there is something that they do not understand. | 1.4 | 4.17 (.96) | 81 (42–100) | 7 (0–35) | 0.91 | 0.65 |
| I have the support I need from other personnel to care for patients. | 2.2 | 3.97 (.99) | 74 (33–98) | 9 (0–43) | 0.90 | 0.65 |
| Nurse input is well received in this ICU. | 1.6 | 3.98 (1.05) | 73 (24–100) | 10 (0–55) | 0.76 | 0.61 |
| In this ICU, it is difficult to speak up if I perceive a problem with patient care. | 2.0 | 2.40 (1.21) | 22 (0–50) | 60 (9–100) | -0.86 | -0.42 |
| Disagreements in this ICU are resolved appropriately (i.e., not who is right, but what is best for the patient) | 1.7 | 3.53 (1.10) | 57 (23–85) | 18 (0–55) | 0.85 | 0.61 |
| The physicians and nurses here work together as a well-coordinated team. | 1.6 | 3.78 (1.07) | 68 (26–98) | 14 (0–52) | 0.76 | 0.63 |
| safety climate | ||||||
| The culture in this ICU makes it easy to learn from the errors of others. | 1.8 | 3.95 (1.01) | 72 (33–100) | 10 (0–33) | 0.94 | 0.59 |
| Medical errors are handled appropriately in this ICU. | 2.2 | 3.45 (1.06) | 51 (14–92) | 17 (0–57) | 0.83 | 0.59 |
| I know the proper channels to direct questions regarding patient safety in this ICU. | 1.6 | 3.83 (1.01) | 64 (24–100) | 9 (0–38) | 0.78 | 0.43 |
| I am encouraged by my colleagues to report any patient safety concerns I may have | 1.4 | 4.08 (.94) | 78 (48–100) | 7 (0–26) | 0.94 | 0.60 |
| I receive appropriate feedback about my performance. | 0.9 | 3.20 (1.23) | 46 (5–77) | 31 (0–76) | 0.73 | 0.58 |
| I would feel safe being treated here as a patient. | 1.2 | 4.05 (1.04) | 75 (36–100) | 9 (0–42) | 0.54 | 0.62 |
| In this ICU, it is difficult to discuss errors. | 1.6 | 2.53 (1.13) | 20 (0–46) | 52 (21–92) | -0.69 | -0.40 |
| job satisfaction | ||||||
| This hospital is a good place to work. | 0.9 | 3.73 (1.08) | 63 (5–100) | 13 (0–59) | 0.99 | 0.81 |
| I am proud to work at this hospital. | 0.8 | 3.78 (1.07) | 62 (16–100) | 11 (0–50) | 0.97 | 0.80 |
| Working in this hospital is like being part of a large family. | 0.5 | 3.10 (1.30) | 42 (0–94) | 33 (0–80) | 0.91 | 0.69 |
| Moral in this ICU area is high. | 1.4 | 2.96 (1.25) | 39 (4–83) | 37 (0–78) | 0.69 | 0.61 |
| I like my job. | 0.3 | 4.37 (.88) | 85 (61–100) | 5 (0–18) | 0.73 | 0.57 |
| stress recognition | ||||||
| When my workload becomes excessive, my performance is impaired. | 1.2 | 3.83 (1.13) | 72 (29–100) | 15 (0–53) | 0.96 | 0.60 |
| I am more likely to make errors in tense or hostile situations. | 1.2 | 3.74 (1.16) | 67 (30–88) | 17 (0–50) | 0.74 | 0.57 |
| Fatigue impairs my performance during emergency situations (e.g., emergency resuscitation, seizure). | 3.5 | 3.00 (1.28) | 40 (6–79) | 36 (13–76) | 0.51 | 0.45 |
| I am less effective at work when fatigued. | 1.1 | 3.97 (1.03) | 77 (38–96) | 11 (0–30) | 0.92 | .75 |
| perceptions of management | ||||||
| Hospital management does not knowingly compromise the safety of patients. | 1.9 | 3.21 (1.22) | 41 (9–87) | 27 (5–91) | 0.71 | 0.58 |
| Hospital administration supports my daily efforts. | 0.8 | 2.75 (1.15) | 25 (0–93) | 40 (0–100) | 0.84 | 0.69 |
| I am provided with adequate, timely information about events in the hospital that might affect my work. | 1.6 | 3.16 (1.09) | 42 (12–74) | 27 (0–64) | 0.76 | 0.52 |
| The levels of staffing in this clinical area are sufficient to handle the number of patients | 1.7 | 2.68 (1.34) | 33 (0–85) | 52 (4–96) | 0.56 | 0.43 |
| working conditions | ||||||
| All the necessary information for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions is routinely available to me. | 2.3 | 3.56 (1.08) | 58 (17–90) | 18 (0–67) | 0.59 | 0.54 |
| This hospital constructively deals with problem physicians and employees. | 1.7 | 2.82 (1.12) | 25 (0–83) | 35 (0–80) | 0.83 | 0.57 |
| Trainees in my discipline are adequately supervised. | 2.7 | 3.53 (1.17) | 58 (10–100) | 21 (0–63) | 0.73 | 0.56 |
| This hospital does a good job of training new personnel. | 1.1 | 3.54 (1.18) | 57 (16–96) | 20 (0–61) | 0.72 | 0.67 |
Table 3 Provides general descriptive information at the item level (likert scale: 1 = disagree strongly, 2 = disagree slightly, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree slightly, 5 = agree strongly): percent missing data; overall mean (standard deviation); overall percent agree (minimum agree-maximum Agree by clinical area); overall percent disagree (minimum disagree-maximum disagree by clinical area); standardized factor loadings at the between-area and within-area levels.