Table 3.

Clinical Trials Showing Significant Therapeutic Effects of Probiotics in Prevention of Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea (from Marteau et al.¹)

Study	Antibiotic	Probiotic	Study Size	Blind Study	Probiotic Group vs. Control Group
Gotz, 1979	Ampicillin	Lactobacillus acidophilus + Lactobacillus bulgaricus	98	Yes	8.3% vs. 21%
Clements, 1983	Neomycin	L. acidophilus + L. bulgaricus	39	No	20% vs. 42%
Witsell, 1995	Amoxicillin-clavulanate	L. acidophilus + L. bulgaricus	27	No	Positive*
Borgia, 1982	Antituberculous	Enterococcus faecium SF68	200	No	5% vs. 18%
Wunderlich, 1989	Miscellaneous	E. faecium SF68	45	Yes	8.7% vs. 27.2%
Colombel, 1987	Erythromycin	Bifidobacterium longum	10	Yes	Positive*
Siitonen, 1990	Erythromycin	Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	16	No	Positive*
Young, 1997	Miscellaneous	L. rhamnosus GG	188	No	17% vs. 48%
Orrhage, 1994	Clindamycin	B. longum + Lactobacillus	10	Yes	Positive*
Adam, 1977	β-lactamins or tetracyclins	Saccharomyces boulardii	388	Yes	4.5% vs. 17.5%
Surawicz, 1989	Miscellaneous	S. boulardii	180	Yes	9.5% vs. 21.8%
McFarland, 1995	β-lactamins	S. boulardii	193	Yes	7.2% vs. 14.6%

^*The authors reported a positive effect of the probiotic but did not provide the percentage of subjects with antibiotic-associated adverse effects in the two groups.