Fig. 3.

Inceptins are potent inducers of E production in cowpea leaves. Average (n = 6; ±SEM) E production of damaged cowpea leaves treated with synthetic cowpea inceptin ranging from 0.45 to 4.50 fmol (A) and 45 to 4,500 fmol (B). Damaged leaves treated with H₂O only (filled squares) were arbitrarily placed at 0.2 and 2.0 on the x axes of A and B, respectively. Filled bars represent leaf responses to 1 μl of cowpea-derived S. frugiperda OS and 450 fmol of maize inceptin (Maize-I). Different letters (a–d) represent significant differences. (All ANOVA P values were <0.0001. Tukey test corrections for multiple comparisons: P < 0.05.)