Chromosome condensation under various growth conditions. Cells harboring the pBB10 (B), pBB03 (BEF), or pBAD vector were grown either at 25°C (labeled 25/37) or at 37°C up to an OD600 of 0.2. The cells were then supplemented with arabinose and further incubated at 37°C for 3 hours. Next, the average cell fraction occupied by DNA was measured using fluorescence microscopy. Between 50 and 100 cells were quantified for each data point. Note that the error bars represent standard deviations rather than standard errors. The error bars describe, therefore, the variation of chromosome sizes in the population rather than the inaccuracy of our technique. wt, wild type.