TABLE 3—
Adjusted Odds Ratios for Reports of Frequent Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopausal Status and Demographic, Lifestyle, and Psychosocial Factors: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, 1996–2002
| Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||||
| Total Cohort (n = 2784) | Whites (n = 1371) | African Americans (n = 718) | Hispanics (n = 205) | Chinese (n = 227) | Japanese (n = 263) | |
| Menopausal transition status | ||||||
| Premenopause | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Early perimenopause | 1.86 (1.47, 2.34)*** | 2.00 (1.42, 2.81)*** | 2.19 (1.43, 3.37)*** | 0.79 (0.40, 1.53) | 1.37 (0.54, 3.48) | 2.64 (0.94, 7.41) |
| Late perimenopause | 6.64 (4.80, 9.20)*** | 7.46 (4.61, 12.07)*** | 8.34 (4.61, 15.09)*** | 1.73 (0.64, 4.66) | 2.94 (0.79, 10.95) | 15.86 (4.11, 61.3)*** |
| Postmenopause | 4.96 (3.51, 7.01)*** | 6.33 (3.73, 10.72)*** | 5.27 (2.84, 9.79)*** | 1.73 (0.66, 4.54) | 2.23 (0.57, 8.72) | 9.36 (2.22, 39.44)** |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | Reference | |||||
| African American | 1.63 (1.21, 2.20)** | |||||
| Hispanic | 0.57 (0.28, 1.18) | |||||
| Chinese | 0.58 (0.33, 1.02) | |||||
| Japanese | 0.80 (0.46, 1.39) | |||||
| Age (per year) | 1.17 (1.13, 1.21)*** | 1.16 (1.10, 1.22)*** | 1.18 (1.11, 1.26)*** | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) | 1.29 (1.09, 1.52)** | 1.30 (1.11, 1.53)** |
| Body mass index (per unit) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04)** | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)* | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) |
| Education | ||||||
| High school or less | 1.91 (1.40, 2.61)*** | 2.01 (1.24, 3.28)** | 2.22 (1.23, 4.00)** | 0.75 (0.27, 2.08) | 1.82 (0.59, 5.62) | 1.96 (0.54, 7.07) |
| Some college | 2.29 (1.76, 2.97)*** | 2.05 (1.42, 2.97)*** | 2.41 (1.45, 4.02)** | 0.50 (0.15, 1.63) | 6.51 (2.17, 19.52)** | 3.76 (1.48, 9.55)** |
| College or more | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Current smoker | 1.63 (1.25, 2.12)*** | 1.14 (0.75, 1.73) | 1.98 (1.29, 3.03)** | 3.09 (1.53, 6.25)** | 2.97 (0.11, 81.55) | 1.49 (0.47, 4.66) |
| No. of previous premenstrual symptomsa | ||||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 1–2 | 2.34 (1.34, 4.06)** | 1.79 (0.74, 4.29) | 1.97 (0.65, 6.00) | 4.87 (0.45, 52.84) | 3.00 (0.73, 12.42) | 4.59 (0.86, 24.46) |
| 3–4 | 3.21 (1.87, 5.51)*** | 2.66 (1.14, 6.18)* | 2.83 (0.96, 8.35) | 7.84 (0.74, 83.16) | 2.83 (0.60, 13.27) | 6.35 (1.11, 36.38)* |
| Symptom sensitivity score at first follow-up visit (per unit) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.09)*** | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 1.12 (1.06, 1.18)*** | 1.02 (0.94, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.85, 1.10) | 1.14 (1.01, 1.30)* |
| Baseline anxiety (summed score ≥4) | 3.10 (2.33, 4.12)*** | 2.59 (1.71, 3.91)*** | 3.65 (2.17, 6.13)*** | 1.64 (0.81, 3.33) | 17.3 (4.48, 66.95)*** | 3.36 (1.02, 11.08)* |
| Baseline depressive symptom score ≥16 | 1.62 (1.22, 2.15)** | 1.80 (1.18, 2.75)** | 1.25 (0.76, 2.06) | 2.25 (1.13, 4.48)* | 1.60 (0.40, 6.49) | 2.23 (0.66, 7.55) |
Note. All models were full models that included variables associated with vasomotor symptoms at the P < .15 level; all odds ratios were adjusted for all of the variables listed and were adjusted for study site. Data shown are for baseline through the fifth visit. Frequent symptoms were defined as reports of 6 or more days of symptoms (vs reports of no or fewer than 6 days of symptoms) in the previous 2 weeks.
aAbdominal cramps, breast tenderness, bloating, or mood changes.
* P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.