TABLE 1.

Percentage of national sample of scientists reporting forms of misconduct^* (N = 3,247).

Category	Item	% Yes
Meaning of Data	Dropping observations or data points from analyses based on a gut feeling that they were inaccurate	15.3
	Inadequate record keeping related to research projects	27.5
	Cutting corners in a hurry to complete a project	23.0
Rules of Science	Ignoring minor details of materials-handling policies (biosafety, radioactive materials, etc.)	36.1
	Using funds from one project to get work done on another project	51.7
Life with Colleagues	Providing an overly positive or overly negative letter of recommendation	20.8
	Using one’s position to exploit others: Self	1.6
	Colleagues†	46.3
Pressures of	Changing the design, methodology or results of a study in response to pressure from a funding source	15.5
Production in Science	Withholding details of methodology or results in papers or proposals	10.8
	Using another’s ideas without obtaining permission or giving due credit:
	Self	1.4
	Colleagues†	45.7

^*Unless otherwise specified, percentages reflect “yes” answers to the question: “Please tell us if you yourself have engaged in any of these behaviors within the last three years?”

^†”Colleagues” indicates agreement with this statement: “I have observed or had other direct evidence of this behavior among my professional colleagues including postdoctoral associates, within the last three years.”