TABLE 2.

Percentage indicating having engaged in behavior in the past three years, by sample (Sorted by prevalence in mid-career sample).

	Mid-Career %Yes	Early-Career %Yes
1. Falsifying or “cooking” research data	0.2	0.5
2. Ignoring major aspects of human-subjects requirements	0.3	0.4
3. Not properly disclosing involvement in firms whose products are based on one’s own research	0.4	0.3
4. Relationships with students, research subjects or clients that may be interpreted as questionable	1.3	1.4
5. Using another’s ideas without obtaining permission or giving due credit	1.7	1.0
6. Unauthorized use of confidential information in connection with one’s own research	2.4	0.8
7. Failing to present data that contradict one’s own previous research	6.5	5.3
8. Circumventing certain minor aspects of human-subjects requirements (e.g. related to informed consent, confidentiality, etc.)	9.0	6.0
9. Overlooking others’ use of flawed data or questionable interpretation of data	12.2	12.8
10. Changing the design, methodology or results of a study in response to pressure from a funding source	20.6	9.5