Table 2.
Factors Associated with Health Care Access Among Low-Income Respondents to the NSAF
| No Usual Source of Care* | Postponed Needed Medical Care (Past Year) | Postponed Medications (Past Year) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=3,456 (23.9%†) | n=1,830 (10.0%†) | n=1,662 (9.1%†) | |||||||
| Bivariate Rate (%)† | Multivariate‡ | Bivariate Rate (%)† | Multivariate§ | Bivariate Rate (%)† | Multivariate∥ | ||||
| Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | ||||
| Housing instability¶ | |||||||||
| No | 22.3 | 1.00 | 7.4 | 1.00 | 6.1 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 29.3 | 1.31 | 1.08 to 1.59 | 18.4 | 1.84 | 1.46 to 2.31 | 18.8 | 2.16 | 1.70 to 2.74 |
| Food insecurity# | |||||||||
| No | 21.1 | −1.00 | 6.4 | 1.00 | 4.8 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 27.8 | 1.09 | 0.92 to 1.29 | 14.9 | 1.74 | 1.38 to 2.21 | 14.9 | 2.15 | 1.62 to 2.85 |
| Insurance status | |||||||||
| Full year private | 13.2 | 1.00 | 5.7 | 1.00 | 5.4 | 1.00 | |||
| Full year public | 15.0 | 1.24 | 0.91 to 1.71 | 11.0 | 0.86 | 0.61 to 1.22 | 13.0 | 0.97 | 0.69 to 1.36 |
| Full year public/private | 21.6 | 1.75 | 1.08 to 2.83 | 7.8 | 0.83 | 0.42 to 1.62 | 11.1 | 1.16 | 0.60 to 2.25 |
| Uninsured, part year | 28.1 | 2.23 | 1.77 to 2.80 | 14.6 | 2.28 | 1.68 to 3.09 | 13.7 | 2.01 | 1.45 to 2.79 |
| Uninsured all year | 42.3 | 3.86 | 3.13 to 4.76 | 13.6 | 2.57 | 1.93 to 3.42 | 9.8 | 1.62 | 1.17 to 2.24 |
Includes subjects who reported no usual source of care and subjects who reported regular source of care was the ED.
Rates weighted to reflect U.S. low-income population.
Model also adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, immigration status, education, marital status, children, and family income.
Model also adjusted for: gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, health status, change in health status from prior year, and presence of work-limiting condition.
Model also adjusted for: gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, children, health status, change in health status, and work-limiting condition.
Housing instability defined as difficulty in paying rent, mortgage, or utilities in the prior year.
Food insecurity defined as having any one of 3 indicators of food insecurity: (1) worrying that their food would run out, (2) having the food that they bought not last and not having the money to buy more, or (3) having cut the size of meals or skipped meals in the past year because there was not enough money for food.
NSAF, National Survey of America's Families; CI, confidence interval; ED, emergency department.